You are currently browsing MotherUniverse's articles.
…and the seed of mankind, in the land of crossing, the land and dale moon, and the land sun rises they cause to duel..
Rizq
X
Ishqha, what is our Origin ? The Lost Tribe 144,000
Revelations on 1 Ramadhan 1428 – 8-10 Ramadhan 1429 | Remember?
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Etymology
The word Rizq extends from the Semitic/Arabic term Ar-Razzaq (الرزاق) The 17th name of Allah meaning “the ever providing”.[2]
History
Rizq is said to be the eighth planet of a three-sun system, with 38 moons and 19 planets, called Illyuwn. The three suns are called Utu, Shamash and Apsu (these are also the names of Mesopotamian gods):
Rizq has a very abstract orbit. It goes past Utu first and around to Shamash and up and around to Apsu and back to Utu. The three suns are also moving. The whole motion looks like an atom. As it passes by these 3 suns, it goes through 3 nights in one day. There is a certain point that is called the “Bright Day” where the light from all three suns shine on the planet from all sides, however, this is also the most dangerous point for the planet.[3]
Rizq has three continents (Darnuriyya, Kusmusta, and Zarantu), and three “dimensions” which York compares to the solid, liquid and gas states of matter, although he says in actuality what we call liquid and gas (and even things like electricity) are considered by the Rizqiyians to be varieties of “solid.” There is also a biosphere on in each continent.
Highly regarded members of his organization are now stating that the recently discovered HD 188753 proves that tri-star solar systems are a reality and that this discovery conforms to the prophecy of the existence of the planet Rizq and the tri-star solar system Illyuwn that York has written about.
An artist’s conception of tri-solar system HD 188753 looking at a planet and its 3 suns from one of its moons.
Rizqiyians
A person from Rizq is called a “Rizqiyian”. Rizqiyians are childless, physical beings that endeavor to become Etherians (energy or light beings, angels).
Among the inhabitants of Rizq are reptilians, Dinneer, Etherians, visitors from other planets, and two types of dracos (who live mainly in Darnuriyya or in the seas and who are not native to Rizq): the Markabians-Reticulans and the Maldekians.
Whenever a Human is brought to Rizq they are put in a biosphere on the conitnent of Zarantu which is where Enoch spent some time and also Jesus who was half-human and half-Rizqiyian.
The Anunnaqi Eloheem
Rizq was home to the Anunnaqi Eloheem, who came to earth and played a role in the creation of humans, who represent them in various ways in their mythologies.
These Anunnaqi Eloheem came from Rizq to Earth to find gold and other resources for Rizq. Rizq had been attacked in the course of a galactic civil war, and had lost its protective ozone layer, and so needed gold to construct a dome to protect its inhabitants from intense solar radiation.
They had 30-mile-long transport ships that they constructed relatively locally on Mars and the dark side of the Moon, and a planet-sized ship called “Nibiru”, two-or-three times the size of the Earth, which is capable of light-speed travel.[4]
These Rizqiyians first stopped at a planet called Kesiyl in the Orion constellation, where they were attacked by Reptilians. Then they sent out android scouts to find a gold-rich planet, Earth. They set up bases on the Moon and on Mars (the Martian canals were said to have been built then), and began to extract gold to send back to Rizq.[5]
York’s arrival from Rizq
York told members of his organization that to reach Earth, he travelled in a small passenger ship called a “Sham” from a “Motherplane Called MERKABAH Or NIBIRU.”[6] (To clarify: Dr. York himself is not from the planet Rizq, but the etheric being, which religion calls spirits, is from this place. Dr. York was born in 1945 on Earth. So one should not assume that he is speaking of his physical self being from the planet Rizq.). He says he when speaking about this that he is an Incarnation of an Ilah Mutajassid or an Avatara.
He (the spirit beings which inhabits Dr. York) arrived on 16 March 1970. Comet Bennett, which was visible on that date, is said to have really been York’s spacecraft:
I, YAANUWN am an ANUNNAQI or what you would called an Extra-Terrestrial; Extra Terra-Astral.… An Eloheem from the 8th planet called RIZQ which has 1 moon SHESHQI of it’s own. This galaxy, the nineteenth galaxy called “ILLYUWN” originally referred to as heaven known as Elysium in Greek.… The Banaat, which is the same word as Bennett, the chosen 144,000.… The planet Earth is also referred to as Orb, Ard (ARDUWT), QI, Terra or even Tiwawat and Tamtu meaning “Maiden Of Life”. However, It was originally called Tiamat. I YAANUWN, have come to save the children of the ELOHEEM (ANNUNAQI) from being killed as you bring your planet near to what could be its total destruction.[7]
Customs on Rizq
When in the irregular orbit of Rizq it reaches a point where it is equidistant from each of Illuwyn’s suns, this hottest and brightest time is called the “Full Light Or Unilateral Point” and all inhabitants of Rizq “live by the law of 1 meal a day, which means they eat once in 3 years, which is once a year, which is once a day.”
At this time, the Rizqiyians go through a process of perspiration in which they transform into Etherians, and Etherians transform back into Rizqiyians.[3]
Notes
- ^ York, Malachi Z. “The Man From Planet Rizq” Scroll #80 p.23 [1]
- ^ “Rizq and Illyuwn Fact or Fiction” Scroll #151 [2]
- ^ a b York, Malachi Z. The Man From Planet Rizq Scroll #80[3]
- ^ “Extraterrestrials Among Us” 1996 Nuwaubian Calendar[4]
- ^ York, Malachi Z. The Man From Planet Rizq Scroll #80; see also CIS Masonic Report, Vol. 7, No.4, March, 2003[5]
- ^ York, Malachi Z. The Man From Planet Rizq Scroll #80[6]
- ^ York, Malachi Z. Man From Planet Rizq Study Book One: Supreme Mathematics Class A For The Students Of The Holy Tabernacle p. 23[7]
See also
- Zecharia Sitchin — There are many similarities in the description of the Annunaqi from York and Sitchin’s interpretations.
- Xenu- similarity in fascination with imaginary planets and civilizations.
X
X
X
1/5
2/5
3/5
4/5
5/5
X
Are you ready to live in Mars?
Cydonia x 67000 images
x
Re Visit Mayans
The Evolution
Carefully attend to Description between 5.20-5.30 above Video
Carry Any Meaning to this Emblem at the Kaaba in Mecca? You Decide. Why Not?
The Gold Ring
THE LOST TRIBE OF DAN
THE EARLY JEWISH & CHRISTIAN VIEW OF THE IDENTITY OF THE ANTICHRIST
by
Janet Moser
“. . .the snorting of his horses was heard from Dan.” Jeremiah 8:16
Samson, a Nazarite of the tribe of Dan, judged Israel during the period of Philistine domination. At the feast celebrating his marriage to a Philistine woman, Samson proposed a riddle to the Philistines: “Out of the eater came forth meat, and out of the strong came forth sweetness.” Judges 14:14 On the seventh day of the feast, the importunate bride extracted from Samson the interpretation of the riddle and related its meaning to her people, viz., that the carcass of a young lion which Samson had killed with his bare hands had attracted a swarm of bees who produced honey therein. Samson paid the wager by slaying thirty Philistines — after which his wife was taken from him. Angered by their treachery, Samson avenged himself by slaughtering many more Philistines and eventually the Philistine lords.
Several obscure prophecies in the Bible point to the fact that the tribe of Dan will produce the Antichrist. In the context of these prophecies, Samson’s riddle may be a prophecy that the descendants of the tribe of Dan will one day try to destroy the tribe of Judah in jealous revenge for God’s judgment on their idolatry. From the carcass of the young lion [Judaism] the tribe of Dan [typified by the bees] will attempt to produce a golden age [symbolized by honey]. The conspiracy of the tribe of Dan, aka the Synagogue of Satan, to steal the messianic birthright from the tribe of Judah and establish a false messianic kingdom in Israel is given more detailed treatment in our report, Mystery Babylon: Catholic or Jewish?
To suggest that the Antichrist will be from one of the tribes of Israel is likely to incur accusations of “anti-Semitism” from those who would like to conceal this fact. However, we believe that the Biblical admonition to bless the descendants of Abraham includes exposing the identity of the man of sin who will lead many Jews to their destruction.
The Merovingians, who plan to rule the world from their future throne at Jerusalem, claim to come from the tribe of Judah through Jesus Christ and Mary Magdalene. However, the weight of evidence indicates that they descended from the tribe of Dan. Although Scripture states that Samson was “of the family of the Danites” [Judges 13:2], Yair Davidy of Brit-Am Israel claims that his lineage includes the Messianic tribe of Judah: “Samson the superman hero came from the Tribe of Dan but his mother was from Judah. Samson, in some respects, was considered a forerunner of the Messiah who will come from Judah but his mother, according to the Midrash will be of the Tribe of Dan.” [Brit-Am Israel newsletter, 2/9/99]
It is through the agency of the ultra-Orthodox Lubavitch Movement that the Gentiles are being prepared to submit to the Noahide Laws under a restored Sanhedrin. Yair Davidy posits, “The name DAN means “judge” in Hebrew. Many lawyers and judges in the USA are of Irish descent of a particular type as is much of the police force . . . Descendants of Dan today appear to be concentrated in Ireland, Britain, the USA, and especially Denmark.” Merovingians are also found leading pseudo-Christian organizations as many profiles in the Council for National Policy and Discernment Ministries reveal. These Merovingian agents actively promote the Hebrew Roots / Messianic Movement as the catalyst for Judaizing Christians.
The following paper is meant to serve as a study guide for understanding the enigmatic design of Satan to use the apostate tribe of Dan as an instrument and cover for a false messiah. The reader will be able to review the many Scriptures which concern the tribe of Dan — the prophecies, the Danite people, their land, history, idolatry and symbols — in conjunction with relevant information from other sources.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction
Different Bible versions allow for different interpretations of prophecy. Therefore, the traditional view represented by the King James Version is used in this report. Scripture indicates the following: That the Antichrist is Jewish; He will come from the region of Dan/Mount Hermon [Mount Sion] in the north of Israel as a false fulfillment of Romans 11:26; The tribe of Dan will be rejected by God as part of the 144,000 and will be used by God to bring judgment upon Israel and the unbelieving world.
The Arcadian roots of the Merovingians, Spartans and Celts seem to be connected to the tribe of Dan because of their use of Dan-related place-names, personal names and peculiarities, i.e., Baal/goddess worship and architectural skills.
The Tribe of Dan inherited the pre-flood paganism [Baal worship] of the Canaanites [descendants of Ham and his son, Canaan] who occupied the northern area of Palestine at Mt. Hermon/Sion. Located at the 33rd degree, the ancient tribe of Dan influenced the basis of modern Freemasonry.
The symbols of the tribe of Dan are used by the Merovingians, the House of Stewart [Prince Michael] and the Judeo-Masonic authors of the Protocols of Sion [Representatives of Sion of the 33rd degree].
The Tribe of Dan was involved in a substitute worship system at Mt. Hermon/Sion that was both opposed to and removed from the true worship of God at Mount Zion in Jerusalem.
The Judeo-Masonic conspirators have revealed to their own elect and concealed from the profane the fact that a Danite false messiah will reign from the territory of Mount Sion in Dan rather than Mount Zion in Jerusalem. Their ultimate objective is to recreate the pre-flood pagan culture which God once judged and will judge again.
The purpose of the report will be to consider six major areas concerning the tribe and territory of Dan in order to see if there is any merit, at this point in history, to the following tradition as it was expressed by the early Church Fathers and the Jewish Encylopedia.
“Irenaeus (‘Heresies’ Vol. 302), Hippolytus (‘De Christo et Antichristo’, pp. 14,15), and other Church fathers have a tradition which can not but be of Jewish origin, that the Antichrist comes from the tribe of Dan, and base it upon Jer. VIII.16: ‘The snorting of his (the enemies) his horses was heard from Dan’. . . Irenaeus remarks that Dan is, in view of this tradition, not in the Apocalypse (Rev.vii.5-7) among the 144,000 saved ones of the twelve tribes. Nor is the omission of Dan in I Chron. iv. et seq. unintentional. . . Dan became the very type of evildoing. He was placed in the north (Num.ii.25), this being the region of darkness and evil (Jer. i.14) because of his idolatry which wrapped the world in darkness (Num.ii.).” [Singer, The Jewish Encyclopedia, ("Dan"), p. 423] “And Jeremiah does not merely point out his [Antichrist] sudden coming, but he even indicates the tribe from which he shall come where he says ‘We shall hear the voice of his swift horses from Dan; the whole earth shall be moved by the voice of the neighing of his galloping horses: he shall also come and devour the earth, and the fulness thereof, the city also, and they that dwell therein.’ This, too, is the reason that this tribe is not reckoned in the Apocalypse along with those which are saved.” [Irenaeus, "Against Heresies," Book V, Chap. 30]
A. The Antichrist
1. He is a Jew
Neither shall he regard the God of his fathers . . .nor regard any god: for he shall magnify himself above all. Daniel 11:37
2. He is from the tribe/region of Dan
We looked for peace, but no good came; and for a time of health, and behold trouble! The snorting of his horses was heard from Dan: the whole land trembled at the sound of the neighing of his strong ones; for they are come, and have devoured the land, and all that is in it; the city, and those that dwell therein. For, behold, I will send serpents, cockatrices, among you, which will not be charmed, and they shall bite you, saith the LORD. Jeremiah 8:15-17
3. He is from the serpent’s root.
Please note the context of Isaiah 14 is Lucifer’s fall to earth in the endtime [Revelation 12].
Rejoice not thou, whole Palestina, because the rod of him that smote thee is broken: for out of the serpent’s root shall come forth a cockatrice, and his fruit shall be a fiery flying serpent. . . Howl, O gate; cry, O city; thou, whole Palestina, art dissolved: for there shall come from the north a smoke, and none shall be alone in his appointed times. Isaiah 14:29,31
B. The Messiah
1. Will come from Sion
And so all Israel shall be saved: as it is written, There shall come out of Sion the Deliverer, and shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob. . . Romans 11:26
C. Dan/Tribe of Dan
1. Dan means “judge”
And Rachel said, God hath judged me, and hath also heard my voice, and hath given me a son: therefore called she his name Dan. Genesis 30:6
2. Will be used by God to judge his people
And Jacob called unto his sons, and said, Gather yourselves together, that I may tell you that which shall befall you in the last days. . . Dan shall judge his people, as one of the tribes of Israel. Dan shall be a serpent by the way, an adder in the path, that biteth the horse heels, so that his rider shall fall backward. I have waited for thy salvation, O LORD.” Genesis 49:1,16-18 For a voice declareth from Dan, and publisheth affliction from mount Ephraim. . . I beheld the earth, and, lo, it was without form, and void; and the heavens, and they had no light. I beheld the mountains, and, lo, they trembled, and all the hills moved lightly. I beheld, and, lo, there was no man, and all the birds of the heavens were fled. I beheld, and, lo, the fruitful place was a wilderness, and all the cities thereof were broken down at the presence of the LORD, and by his fierce anger. For thus hath the LORD said, The whole land shall be desolate; yet will I not make a full end. Jeremiah 4:15, 23-27
3. Is missing from the 144,000 during the Tribulation
And I heard the number of them which were sealed: and there were sealed an hundred and forty and four thousand of all the tribes of the children of Israel. Of the tribe[s] of Juda… Reuben… Gad… Aser… Nepthalim… Manasses… Simeon… Levi… Issachar… Zabulon… Joseph… Benjamin were sealed… Revelation 7:4-8
4. Will worship a false god
They that swear by the sin of Samaria, and say, Thy god, O Dan, liveth; and, The manner of Beersheba liveth; even they shall fall, and never rise up again. Amos 8:11-14
A. The Tribe of Dan
1. Samson
And there was a certain man of Zorah, of the family of the Danites, whose name was Manoah; and his wife was barren, and bare not. . .And the woman bare a son, and called his name Samson: and the child grew, and the LORD blessed him. Judges 13:2, 24
2. Aholiab
And I, behold, I have given with him Aholiab, the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan: and in the hearts of all that are wise hearted I have put wisdom, that they may make all that I have commanded thee. The tabernacle of the congregation, and the ark of the testimony, and the mercy seat that is thereupon, and all the furniture of the tabernacle. Exodus 31:6,7
3. Hiram/Huram
And now I have sent a cunning man, endued with understanding, of Huram my father’s, The son of a woman of the daughters of Dan, and his father was a man of Tyre, skilful to work in gold, and in silver, in brass, in iron, in stone, and in timber, in purple, in blue, and in fine linen, and in crimson; also to grave any manner of graving, and to find out every device which shall be put to him, with thy cunning men, and with the cunning men of my lord David thy father. II Chronicles 2:13,14 “But neither Athelstan and his son, nor the Comacine Masons, serve to account for one of the most salient aspects of later Freemasonry — the fact that it contains a major skein of Judaic tradition filtered through Islam. The corpus of legends central to Freemasonry — including, of course, the building of Solomon’s Temple — derives ultimately from Old Testament material, both canonical and apocryphal, as well as from Judaic and Islamic commentaries upon it. It is worth looking at the most important of these legends — the murder of Hiram Abiff — in some detail. The Hiram story is rooted in the context of the Old Testament. It figures in two books, I Kings and II Chronicles.” [Baigent, The Temple & The Lodge, p. 124]
B. The Merovingians may be descendants of Dan
“Merovingian geographical place-names and personal names were sometimes Jewish. In the 6th Century a brother of King Clothair was named Samson while Miron “Le Levite” was a count. ‘Sion’ and ‘Le Levite’ were Merovingian towns in France. Scholars have even traced Merovingian ‘Salic Law’ back to Judaic law.” [Bradley, p. 179] “The Merovingian’s. . .tradition of long hair and the name Samson among the Royal House would indicate the descent from Samson and thus the Tribe of Dan.” [Bloomer]
“The Merovingian kings. . .were called the long-haired Monarchs because they placed great value on their long hair and believed that it gave them strength. One wonders whether Samson was a Merovingian ancestor!” [Van Buren, p. 30]
C. Danaus (a Danite?)
1. Arcadians/Spartans are possibly from the Tribe of Dan
“Now, the question remains, how do we know the Spartans were the offspring of the tribe of Dan? . . . Aside from the fact that the Spartans wore long hair as a symbol of their power (like Samson) there is a legend written about the son of Belus, king of the Spartans — in which is given the story of one named ‘Danaus,’ who arrived in Greece with his daughters by ship. According to the legend, his daughters called themselves Danades. They introduced the cult of the mother goddess, which became the established religion of the Arcadians and developed over the years into the worship of Diana. . .The Spartans so loved their king that they called themselves Danaans — long before they adopted the name of Spartans. Also in the legend is a record of the arrival of ‘colonists from Palestine.’ Please note, the man who headed the expedition was named Danaus. He may well have been of the tribe of Dan, and thus would have been the progenitor of the ancient Spartans.” [Church, p. 120-21] “In Greek myth. . .[is] the legend of King Belaus, one Danaus, who arrives in Greece with his daughters, by ship. His daughters are said to have introduced the cult of the mother goddess, which became the established cult of the Arcadians. According to Robert Graves the Danaus myth records the arrival in the Peleponnesus of ‘colonists from Palestine.’ Graves states that King Belus is in fact Baal, or Bel — or perhaps Belial from the Old Testament.” [Baigent, Holy Blood, p. 275]
“At that particular time Arcadia was ruled by Spartans. . . The Spartans placed a special magical significance on their long hair . . .associated with their great strength. There appears to have been a relationship between the Spartans and the Jews. In the Apocryphal we read: ‘It has been found in writing concerning the Spartans and the Jews that they are brethren and are of the family of Abraham.’ (Maccabees I 12:21)” [Van Buren, p. 45]
2. Celts may be of the Tribe of Dan
“There are certain facts that suggest that the Celts might have derived from a Jewish tradition from the East. The Celtic body of ecclesiastical and civil knowledge was Druidism. Their system can be traced to about 1800 B.C. . . . It is recorded in ‘Welsh Triads’ that Hugh Gadarn synthesized the wisdom of the ancients for those whom he led west from. . .Sumer and Mesopotamia. . . In ‘The Psalter of Cashel’ it states that: ‘The Tuatha de Danaan’ ruled in Ireland for about two centuries, and were highly skilled in architecture and other arts from their long residence in Greece.’ The Tuatha de Danaan were the descendants of Danaus, the son of Belus, who went with his fifty daughters to Argos, the home of his ancestrous Io. In Irish legends the Tuatha de Danaan, who were considered to be demi-gods, . . .were said to have possessed a . . .Grail-like vessel. . . These teachers of wisdom . . . were the founders of the Druidic priesthood.” [Van Buren, p. 141-142]
A. The Land of Canaan/Palestine
1. Canaan
And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and told his two brethren without. And Shem and Japheth took a garment, and laid it upon both their shoulders, and went backward, and covered the nakedness of their father; and their faces were backward, and they saw not their father’s nakedness. And Noah awoke from his wine, and knew what his younger son had done unto him. And he said, Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants shall he be unto his brethren. Genesis 9:22-25 “Canaan. . .is the older name of Palestine.” [Unger, p. 202]
“Canaan is the listed as the fourth son of Ham.” [Unger, p. 953]
2. Palestine
a. The root words of Palestine are Peles and Heth
#6429 Pelesheth, a region of Syria:–Palestina, Palestine, Philistia, Philistine.” [Strong's Concordance, "The Hebrew & Chaldee Dictionary"] 1) Heth is the son of Canaan
And Canaan begat Sidon his firstborn, and Heth. Genesis 10:15 2) Pelles
“In the Grail tradition of Botticellis’ time, the Arcadian sea-lord, Pallas, was manifest in King Pelles . . . the Fisher King is sometimes Pelles (from Pallas, the ancient Bistea Neptunis of the Merovingian ancestry.” [Gardner, pp. 176, 238]
b. Pales[tine] = of Phales/phallos
“. . .-ine, a suffix of adjectives of Greek or Latin origin, meaning ‘of or pertaining to,’ ‘of the nature of,’ ‘made of,’ ‘like’. . . [Random House College Dictionary]
“. . .at Rome. . .[a] male Pales was sometimes spoken of corresponding in some respects to Pan.” [The New Encyclopedia Britannica, "Pales," p. 600]
“The fire. . . was looked upon as the purifier, and in April every year, at the. . .feast of Pales, both men and cattle, for this purpose, were made to pass through the fire.” [Hislop, quoting Ovid, p. 236]
“At Cyllene, Hermes was worshipped by the name of Phales – derived from Phallos – and in the image of a phallic stone. More usually. . .his phallic image was a herm. Originally a stone heap. . .” [Eliade, Encyclopedia of Religion, Phallus, p. 264]
Then sang Moses and the children of Israel this song unto the LORD, and spake. . .The people shall hear, and be afraid: sorrow shall take hold on the inhabitants of Palestina. . .all the inhabitants of Canaan shall melt away. Exodus 15:1,14,15
B. The tribe of Dan’s position in the camp in the wilderness
The standard of the camp of Dan shall be on the north side by their armies: and the captain of the children of Dan shall be Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai. Numbers 2:25a “. . .Dan became the very type of evildoing. He was placed in the north (Num. ii.25), this being the region of darkness and evil (Jer. i.14). . .” [Singer, Jewish Encyclopedia ("Dan"), p. 423]
C. Territories of Dan in the land of Israel
. . .Why did Dan remain in ships? Judges 5:17
“Dan was the last of the tribes to receive his portion, which was the smallest of the twelve. It had. . .a line of seacoast which seems to have led the tribes to engage in fishing in commerce. . .” [Unger, p. 273]
2. In the sides of the north
“Part of the tribe of Dan, unable to secure its inheritance, migrated north and captured Laish, renaming it Dan.” [Atlas of the Bible Lands, p. 8] a. Located at the 33rd degree [both latitude and longitude according to the Paris Zero Meridian]
“Prior to the adoption in 1884 of Greenwich as the international Zero Meridian, each country made use of its own. The French Zero Meridian. . . is still used on the official maps produced by the Institut Geographique National. . .[Giovanni Domenico] Cassini’s meridian arc is still marked upon French maps as the Paris Zero.” [Lincoln, pp. 75, 141]
Note: Using the Greenwich Zero Meridian, the northern territory of Dan lies at 35.5 degrees longitude. However, if the Paris Zero Meridian is used, having a 2.5 difference from Greenwich, Dan is found to lie at the 33rd degree longitude and latitude.
b. Located at Keter, the first sephirot on the Kabbalistic Tree of Life
“The paradisical theme park. . .will be marked upon a special map of ‘The Spiritual Geography of the Holy Land’, with sacred sites and the alignments between them and upon which a diagram of the [Kabbalistic] ‘Tree of Life’ is traced marking ten such sites. . .over the whole land of Israel. . .” [Genesis of Eden] Note: Planetary positions set out upon the Tree of Life reveal the first sephirot [Keter] as the “One”. [Fiedler, p. 236-37]
“Ancient myths and rites present Saturn as the god “One,” the first king, and the all-encompassing Heaven man.” [Talbot, p. 30]
In Chevalier, p. 734, Pan/Saturn is revealed as the All. This would place the Panias/Dan area in the Keter position. [Section III.D.3]
D. The City of Dan – Chronology and History of Baal/Pan worship
1. Laish/Leshem [Lion]
And of Dan he said, Dan is a lion’s whelp: he shall leap from Bashan. Deuteronomy 33:22
And the coast of the children of Dan went out too little for them: therefore the children of Dan went up to fight against Leshem, and took it, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and possessed it, and dwelt therein, and called Leshem, Dan, after the name of Dan their father. This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Dan according to their families, these cities with their villages. Joshua 19:47-48
And they called the name of the city Dan, after the name of Dan their father, who was born unto Israel: howbeit the name of the city was Laish at the first. Judges 18:29
“It was first a Canaanite sanctuary for the worship of Baal; perhaps Baal-Hermon (Judg.3:3; I Chron. 5:23]. It was called by the Greeks Paneas because of its cavern. . .dedicated to the worship of the god Pan.” [Unger, p. 191]
2. Dan [1406 B.C]
And the coast of the children of Dan went out too little for them: therefore the children of Dan went up to fight against Leshem, and took it, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and possessed it, and dwelt therein, and called Leshem, Dan, after the name of Dan their father. This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Dan according to their families, these cities with their villages. Joshua 19:47-48
Panias was called by the Jews “Dan” or “Mizvar Dan” (Fort of Dan). [Encyclopedia Judaica, "Banias", p. 162]
3. Dan-Jaan may indicate involvement in Pan-worship. [1017 B.C.]
Then they came to Gilead, and to the land of Tahtimhodshi; and they came to Danjaan, and about to Zidon. . . II Samuel 24:6 “Hebrew dan ya’an, ‘Dan played a pipe’, indicates that it was a suburb of Dan.” [Tenney, Zondervan Pictorial Bible Dictionary, p. 199]
4. Panias/Paneas
“. . . later the Greeks built a shrine to Pan, the god of nature, and called the place Paneas (the city of Pan).” [Thompson, p. 1734]
“The place had been named Panias, for it served as the favorite seat of Pan, a Greek fertility god.” [Pfeiffer, p. 197]
“The gods gave him the name of Pan, meaning ‘All Things’. . .because he is a universal tendency incarnate. He was the god of All Things, doubtless indicative of the procreative current charging All Things, All Gods or All Life.” [Chevalier, p. 734]
“One of the main sources of the Jordan rises in the grotto of Pan. . .” [Herberman, Catholic Encyclopedia, "Caesarea Philippi," p. 135]
“. . .the Jordan river that weaves like a snake along the eastern border of the land of Israel is named after the ancient tribe of Dan. Jordan means ‘the going down of the Dan.’” [Church, p. 124]
5. Caesarea Philippi [4 B.C.]
“In 4 B.C. this area became tetrarchy of Herod’s son Philippus who refounded Paneas as Caesarea Philippi.” [Freedman, "Ituraea", p. 583]
“A remarkable monument, which has seen all the periods of the history of Caesarea Philippi, is the vast castle above the site of the city, built in the Syro-Greek or even Phoenician times and, after receiving additions from the Saracens and Franks, is still the most remarkable fortress in the Holy Land.” [Hackett, p. 341] From the second century the city was called “Caesarea Panias.” [Singer, Jewish Encyclopedia, "Caesarea Philippi," p. 488]
6. Neronias [61-68 A.D.]
In 61 A.D. Caesarea Philippi was renamed Neronias. [Encyclopedia Judaica, "Banias", p. 162] “Agrippa II called the city Neronias. . .as is proved from the city’s coins. . .” [Hastings, "Caesarea Philippi," p. 338]
7. Caesarea Panias [2nd Century A.D.]
From the 2nd century the city is called Caesarea Panias. [Singer, Jewish Encyclopedia, "Caesarea Philippi", p. 488]
8. Banias/Paneas [4th-13th Centuries A.D.]
“Paneas then again asserts itself with Caesarea, and finally Caesarea disappears, and Paneas takes permanent possession in the Arabic form of Banias, for the Arabs have no ‘p’.” [Hastings, "Caesarea Philippi, p. 388] “Under the simple name of Paneas it was the seat of a Greek bishopric in the period of the great councils, and of a Latin bishopric during the crusades.” [Hackett, "Caesarea Philippi", p. 340]
9. Belinas [Bel?]
“During the crusades it was called Belinas” [Encyclopedia Judaica, "Banias," p. 162]
E. Mount Hermon
And the Amorites forced the children of Dan into the mountain: for they would not suffer them to come down to the valley. Judges 1:34
1. The name “Hermon” [Since Hermon represents Ham, then Pan represents his son, Canaan]
“Hermon means (Forbidden [Place]).” [Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th Ed., 1987, "Hermon, Mount" p. 876] “The interpretation of Hermon is ‘anathema’. . .” [Jerome, "Homily 66," p. 70]
“. . .Hermes[']. . .name is Greek. The later Greek-speaking peoples did not know the name that the pre-Hellenic inhabitants had given to the god of these stone heaps; and the name. . .was doubtless withheld from them. Therefore, they could only refer to him as ‘Hermes’ from their word for ’stone heap’. In the Laconian dialect. . .he was known as ‘Herman’, He of the stone heap. . .” [Cavendish, p. 1289]
“On one of its three secondary peaks, there are ruins of a circular wall within which lies a heap of hewn stone, said to be remnants of a Syrian altar, possibly in honor of Baal.” (cf. Jgs.3.3; I Chr.5.23)” [New Catholic Encyclopedia, "Hermon, Mount", p. 1078]
“. . .Thoth-Hermes. . .was the biblical Ham. . .deriving from the word Herma which relates to the ‘pile of stones’.” [Gardiner, Genesis of the Grail Kings, p. 219]
“The Greeks called him [Mercury] Hermes. . .Pan, the god of shepherds was the son of Mercury.” [Burns, pp. 146-7]
2. Pre-Flood Mount Hermon
And it came to pass, when men began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born unto them, That the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them wives of all which they chose. Genesis 6:1,2 “. . .legends anterior to Gnosticism. . .attributed a sacred character to Mount Hermon, the supposed residence of the children of Seth at the beginning of human existence.” [Doresse, p. 255]
“The Valentinians . . .regarded Seth['s]. . .sons. . .to be the ‘Sons of God,’ who, upon Mount Hermon, led a pious and secluded life cherishing the nostalgia for paradise.” [Doresse, p. 39, note 97]
“Hittite and biblical records support the use of Hermon as a dwelling place of gods. . Ritual centers were located at the foot of Hermon: Baal-gad. . .in the valley of Lebanon under Mount Hermon (Josh.11:17) and Baal-hermon (I Chr. 5:23).” [Freedman, "Hermon, Mount, p. 158]
“We have read in a certain apocryphal book [Enoch 6:5-8] that when the sons of God were coming down to the daughters of men, they descended upon Mount Hermon. . .” [Jerome, Homilly 45, p. 338]
“And the angels, the children of heaven, saw them and desired them [handsome and beautiful daughters]. . . and they descended into Ardos which is the summit of Hermon.” [I Enoch 6:1-5, Charlesworth, Vol. I, p. 15]
3. Post-Flood Mount Hermon
“From ancient times the mountain was a place of worship, where the god H.[ermon] (perhaps called Baal-Hermon) was venerated.” [Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Bible, "Hermon," p. 987] “More than twenty temples have been surveyed on Mount Hermon and its environs. This is an unprecedented number in comparison with other regions of the Phoenician coast.” [Freedman, "Hermon, Mount," p.159]
A. The Bee
1. Samson
And after a time he returned to take her, and he turned aside to see the carcase of the lion: and, behold, there was a swarm of bees and honey in the carcase of the lion. And he took thereof in his hands, and went on eating, and came to his father and mother, and he gave them, and they did eat: but he told not them that he had taken the honey out of the carcase of the lion. Judges 14:8-9 [Judges 14:14]
2. The Merovingians
“Be Wise As Serpents revealed. . .how all the heads (presidents) of the LDS and RLDS [Mormons] have been descendants of the Merovingian dynasty, and they and the Masons have both used the Merovingian symbol the bee.” [Springmeier, p. 80]
B. The Serpent
1. The Tribe of Dan
Dan shall be a serpent by the way, an adder in the path, that biteth the horse heels, so that his rider shall fall backward. Genesis 49:17
2. The Elders of Sion of the 33rd Degree
“. . .the text of the Protocols [of the Elders of Sion] ends with a single statement, ‘Signed by the representatives of Sion of the 33rd Degree’.” [Baigent, Holy Blood, p. 193] “. . .the Symbolic Snake, by which we symbolize our people.” [Protocols of Sion, p. 275]
C. The Unicorn
1. Mount Hermon/Sirion [Deut. 3:8-9]
The voice of the LORD breaketh the cedars; yea, the LORD breaketh the cedars of Lebanon. He maketh them also to skip like a calf; Lebanon and Sirion like a young unicorn. Psalm 29:5,6
2. Christ’s enemies
Many bulls have compassed me: strong bulls of Bashan have beset me round. They gaped upon me with their mouths, as a ravening and a roaring lion…Save me from the lion’s mouth: for thou hast heard me from the horns of the unicorns. Psalm 22:12,13,21
3. The House of Stewart
“Scotland’s Royal House of Stewart arose from a marital union of the hereditary lines of Jesus and his brother James — springing from the Merovingians’ own source on the one hand, and from the Celtic Kings of Britain on the other. The Stewarts emerged, therefore, as a truly unique Grail dynasty and have long been known as the ‘House of Unicorns’. . .Along with the David Lion of Judah and the Franco-Judaic fleur-de-lys, the Desposynic Unicorn was incorporated in the Royal Arms of Scotland.” [Gardiner, Bloodline, p. 315]
D. The Lion
1. The Tribe of Dan
And of Dan he said, Dan is a lion’s whelp: he shall leap from Bashan. Deuteronomy 33:22 And after a time [Samson] returned to take her, and he turned aside to see the carcase of the lion: and, behold, there was a swarm of bees and honey in the carcase of the lion. And he took thereof in his hands, and went on eating, and came to his father and mother, and he gave them, and they did eat: but he told not them that he had taken the honey out of the carcase of the lion. Judges 14:8-9 [Judges 14:14]
2. Christ’s enemies
Many bulls have compassed me: strong bulls of Bashan have beset me round. They gaped upon me with their mouths, as a ravening and a roaring lion…Save me from the lion’s mouth: for thou hast heard me from the horns of the unicorns. Psalm 22:12, 13, 21
3. Mount Hermon
Come with me from Lebanon, my spouse, with me from Lebanon: look from the top of Amana, from the top of Shenir and Hermon, from the lions’ dens, from the mountains of the leopards. Song of Solomon 4:8
4. The House of Stewart
“Scotland’s Royal House of Stewart arose from a marital union of the hereditary lines of Jesus and his brother James — springing from the Merovingians’ own source on the one hand, and from the Celtic Kings of Britain on the other. The Stewarts emerged, therefore, as a truly unique Grail dynasty and have long been known as the ‘House of Unicorns’. . .Along with the David Lion of Judah and the Franco-Judaic fleur-de-lys, the Desposynic Unicorn was incorporated in the Royal Arms of Scotland.” [Gardiner, Bloodline, p. 315]
E. The Eagle
1. Tribe of Dan
“Dan’s position in the journey was on the North of the Tabernacle, with Asher and Naphtali. The standard of the tribe was of white and red and the crest upon it an eagle. . .Jacob had compared Dan to a serpent. Ahiezer substituted the eagle, the destroyer of serpents, as he shrank from carrying an adder upon his flag.” [Unger, p. 273]
2. Freemasonry
“. . . [priests] after the Order of Melchizedek . . .were the immortals to whom the term ‘phoenix’ was applied and their symbol was the mysterious two-headed bird now called an eagle, a familiar and little understood Masonic emblem.” [Hall, p. 108] “. . .the two-headed eagle. . .is usually depicted in two colors of great mystical significance: red and white.” [Cirlot, p. 93]
F. The Fish
1. May be a symbol of the portion of Tribe of Dan which continued to live in the Mediterranean coastal territory.
[See Section III.C.1].
“The relevant sea-lord was King Pallas. . .whose symbol was a fish. . .the fish was an emblem of the Merovingian along with the Lion of Judah.” [Gardiner, Bloodline, p. 175]
A. False gods
1. Micah’s idols
And these went into Micah’s house, and fetched the carved image, the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image. Then said the priest unto them, What do ye?. . .And the children of Dan set up the graven image: and Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Manasseh, he and his sons were priests to the tribe of Dan until the day of the captivity of the land. And they set them up Micah’s graven image, which he made, all the time that the house of God was in Shiloh. Judges 18:18,30-31
2. The golden calf
Whereupon the king took counsel, and made two calves of gold, and said unto them, It is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem: behold thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt. And he set the one in Bethel, and the other put he in Dan. And this thing became a sin: for the people went to worship before the one, even unto Dan. I Kings 12:28-30
3. Baal
And the children of the half tribe of Manasseh dwelt in the land: they increased from Bashan unto Baalhermon and Senir, and unto mount Hermon. I Chronicles 5:23
“The Canaanites worshiped Baal as the god of rain and thunder, and sexual orgies were enacted to provoke his presence in the land.” [Butler, p. 1164]
4. Astarte/Asherah/Ashtaroth
“Astarte was worshipped conventionally ‘on the high places’; hills and mountains — Mount Hermon, for example — abounded with her shrines.” [Baigent, Temple & the Lodge, p. 126] “Fortunately, a stone image of Asherah has survived. . .found in ruins of Dan, where the golden calf was worshipped in what is now northern Israel, [which] dates from the eighth century B.C.E. The Goddess strongly resembles her neighboring deities Anet, Astarte, Ashtaroth.” [Johnson, p. 315]
B. False priesthood
And they said unto him, Hold thy peace, lay thine hand upon thy mouth, and go with us, and be to us a father and a priest: is it better for thee to be a priest unto the house of one man, or that thou be a priest unto a tribe and a family in Israel? Judges 18:19,30And he made an house of high places, and made priests of the lowest of the people, which were not of the sons of Levi. I Kings 12:31
Then Jeroboam built Shechem in mount Ephraim, and dwelt therein; and went out from thence, and built Penuel. And Jeroboam said in his heart, Now shall the kingdom return to the house of David:
If this people go up to do sacrifice in the house of the LORD at Jerusalem, then shall the heart of this people turn again unto their lord, even unto Rehoboam king of Judah, and they shall kill me, and go again to Rehoboam king of Judah.
Whereupon the king took counsel, and made two calves of gold, and said unto them, It is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem: behold thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt. And he set the one in Bethel, and the other put he in Dan.
And this thing became a sin: for the people went to worship before the one, even unto Dan. And he made an house of high places, and made priests of the lowest of the people, which were not of the sons of Levi. I Kings 12:25-32
D. False Feast Dates
And Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month, on the fifteenth day of the month, like unto the feast that is in Judah, and he offered upon the altar. So did he in Bethel, sacrificing unto the calves that he had made: and he placed in Bethel the priests of the high places which he had made.
So he offered upon the altar which he had made in Bethel the fifteenth day of the eighth month, even in the month which he had devised of his own heart; and ordained a feast unto the children of Israel: and he offered upon the altar, and burnt incense. I Kings 12:25-33 According to Parker’s Astrology, the Eighth Astrological House is October 24- November 22. Scorpio is the eighth astrological sign.“To Dan was given the symbol of Scorpio, which, in the ancient Egyptian zodiac was a snake.” [J.R. Church, Guardians of the Grail, p. 117]
“And perhaps there is significance in the fact that the Eighth House of astrology rules the mysteries of sex, death and rebirth — and the occult.” [Picknett and Prince, p. 204]
A. Change Scripture
1. Confuse Mt. Sion/Mt. Hermon with Mount Zion at Jerusalem
In the KJV, the Old Testament contains only 2 renderings of Mt. Sion, which is Mt. Hermon. [Deut. 4:48, Psalm 65:1] However, the Septuagint changes all of the Hebrew spellings of “Zion” to the Greek “Sion”. The lack of distinction between Mount Hermon and Mount Zion creates confusion.
In the Strong’s Concordance, Zion and Sion are different words: Deuteronomy 4:48 – . . . even unto mount Sion, which is Hermon. . . [KJV]
#7865 Siy’on {see-ohn’} from
7863; n pr mont AV – Sion 1; 1 Sion = “lofty” 1) another name for Mount HermonIsaiah 33:20 – Look upon Zion, the city of our solemnities: thine eyes shall see Jerusalem. . . [KJV]
#6726 Tsiyown {tsee-yone’} the same (regularly) as
6725; TWOT – 1910; n pr loc AV – Zion 153, Sion 1; 154 Zion = “parched place” 1) another name for Jerusalem especially in the prophetic books“The Prieure de Sion by its very name appears to be associated with Mount Zion. However, the Rock of Sion is spoken of in Masonic rites of the eighteenth century. It seems that the Masons gave another significance to the Rock of Sion, other than that which indicates the sacred mount situated south of Jerusalem.” [Van Buren, p. 136]
“In Celtic, Zion means Mount of Stone or Fortress. Huge monoliths and piles of stones were positioned to form circles. The latter were called Si’un or Caers and were placed on top of hills or mounds. . . On May-eve and November 1st the Druids built great fires on the Zions, so that for miles around the flames on the top of the mound could be seen by the people. . . The Chief Druid stood in the centre of the circle during the service that approached a large central stone which was called. . .the Stone of the Covenant. . . In Ireland it was called Bethel, the house of God.” [Van Buren, pp. 142-43]
2. Change God’s holy mountain/seat from Jerusalem to Hermon
Psalm 68:15,16 The hill of God is as the hill of Bashan; an high hill as the hill of Bashan. 16 Why leap ye, ye high hills? this is the hill which God desireth to dwell in; yea, the LORD will dwell in forever. [KJV] A mountain of God is the mountain of Bashan; a mountain of many peaks is the mountain of Bashan. [NASB]
Psalm 48:2 – Beautiful for situation. . .is mount Zion, on the sides of the north, the city of the great King. [KJV]
Beautiful in elevation. . .is Mount Zion in the far north, The city of the great King. [NASB, RSV, NRSV]
“. . .my eyes can scarcely withdraw themselves from [Mount] Hermon soaring on my right hand. The expression in Isaiah v.26 occurs to me with added meaning. The Great Illumer describes Jehovah seated yonder on that lookout, from which all Palestine is clearly spread before the eye.” [Robert Morris (founder of the Eastern Star), Freemasonry in the Holy Land: A Narrative of Masonic Explorations Made in 1868, in the Land of King Solomon and the Two Hirams, p.537]
B. Change the site of the Transfiguration from Mount Tabor to Mount Hermon
When Jesus came into the coasts of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, saying, Whom do men say that I the Son of man am?. . .And after six days Jesus taketh Peter, James, and John his brother, and bringeth them up into an high mountain apart, And was transfigured before them: and his face did shine as the sun, and his raiment was white as the light. Matthew 16:13; 17:1
“According to an old tradition, the scene of the Transfiguration was Mount Tabor.” [Eidersheim, p. 92, note 1] “There can be no doubt that one of the southern peaks of Hermon was the scene of the Transfiguration.” [McClintock, p. 209]
“It has been widely held that the Hermon region was the scene of our Lord’s transfiguration.” [Unger, p. 555]
“Aleister Crowley. . .taught that the Great Work [is] the ‘transformation of humanity’. . .we are told that the Great Work ‘may only be begun in the spring, under the signs of Aries, Taurus, and Gemini. . .it was May 1st when the ancient druids honored their great Sun God and Goddess with an uninhibited festival complete with initiations, sex orgies, drunken revelry, and human sacrifice.” [Marrs, p. 230] [See Section VI.A.1]
C. Change the location of the early Church from Jerusalem to Dan/Caesarea Philippi
When Jesus came into the coasts of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, saying, Whom do men say that I the Son of man am?. . .And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. Matthew 16:13,18 But ye are come unto mount Sion, and unto the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and to an innumerable company of angels, To the general assembly and church of the firstborn, which are written in heaven, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of just men made perfect. . . Hebrews 12:22-23
“We ought also. . .to mention the. . .Druses — so-called worshipers of the devil, established in the mountains where numbers of Judeo-Christians took refuge in the first centuries of our era. The image of a serpent appears, sculptured upon the portals of their sanctuaries; and their doctrine contained a good deal of Gnosticism.” [Doresse, p. 316]
D. Rebuild the Temple of Pallas in opposition to the rebuilt Temple of Jerusalem
“The earliest writings about this society, which was known as the Brotherhood or the Order of the Rosy Cross, began to circulate in Europe around the year 1605. They were contained in a manuscript called The Restoration of the Decayed Temple of Pallas and provide the earliest known constitution of the Order.” [Howard, p. 44]
E. Change perception of the Antichrist from Jewish to Gentile race [in order to portray the Pope as Antichrist]
Daniel 11:37 – Neither shall he regard the God of his fathers. . . [KJV]
And he will show no regard for the gods of his fathers. . .[ASV, NASB, NIV] He shall give no heed to the gods of his fathers. . .[RSV]
And he shall not regard any gods of his fathers . . .[Septuagint]
F. Change genealogy of the Messiah from the Tribe of Judah to include the Tribe of Dan
And one of the elders saith unto me, Weep not: behold, the Lion of the tribe of Juda, the Root of David, hath prevailed to open the book, and to loose the seven seals thereof. Revelation 5:5 “Samson in some respects was considered a forerunner of the Messiah who will come from Judah but his mother, according to the Midrash will be of the tribe of Dan.” [Yair Davidy, "Dan"]
G. Change perception of the European nobility from Jewish to Gentile.
“There was a very great ‘Jewish’ component among the Sicambrian Franks/Merovingians and, because they practiced polygamy (another Merovingian peculiarity) they left a great number of offspring. These aristocratic Merovingian children married into almost all of the noble families of Europe during the 5th, 6th, and 7th Centuries. This has prompted more than one historian to suggest that the foundation of European nobility is Jewish!” [Bradley, p. 180]“The work of…Jews smuggled as ‘Fifth Column’ into the bosom of the Church of Christ was made easier through the hypocritical conversion to Christianity or that of their forefathers. In addition, they laid aside their Jewish surnames and took on very Christian names, which were embellished with the surnames of their godfathers. Thus they were successful in mixing with the Christian society and taking possession of the names of the leading families of France, Italy, England, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Poland and the other lands of Christian Europe. With this system, they were successful in penetrating into the bosom of Christianity itself, in order to destroy it from within and to destroy the core of the religious, political and economic institutions.” [Pinay, p. 237]
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ATLAS OF THE BIBLE LANDS, Hammond Inc., 1959.
Baigent, Michael, Richard Leigh & Henry Lincoln. HOLY BLOOD, HOLY GRAIL; Dell Publishing, 1983.
Baigent, Michael and Richard Leigh. THE TEMPLE AND THE LODGE, New York: Arcade Publishing, 1989.
Bloomer, Athol. “Athol Says English Aristocracy From King David,” Yair Davidy, Brit-Am Israel, POB 595, Jerusalem, Israel 91004, britam@actcom.co.il
Bradley, Michael. HOLY GRAIL ACROSS THE ATLANTIC, Willowdale, 1988.
Brenton, Sir Lancelot C.L., THE SEPTUAGINT WITH APOCRYPHA: GREEK AND ENGLISH, Hendrickson Publishers, 1997, 1851.
Burns, Dr. Cathy. MASONIC AND OCCULT SYMBOLS ILLUSTRATED, Sharing, 1998.
Butler, Trent C., Ed. HOLMAN BIBLE DICTIONARY, Nashville, TN, Holman Bible Publishers, 1991.
Cavendish, Richard, Ed. MAN, MYTH & MAGIC: AN ILLUSTRATED ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE SUPERNATURAL, NY: Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 1983.
Charlesworth, James H. Ed. THE OLD TESTAMENT PSEUDEGRAPHA: APOCALYPTIC LITERATURE AND TESTAMENTS, VOL.I, Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1983.
Chevalier, Jean. THE PENGUIN DICTIONARY OF SYMBOLS, Penguin Books, 1996.
Church, J. R. GUARDIANS OF THE GRAIL AND THE MEN WHO PLAN TO RULE THE WORLD! Oklahoma City, OK: Prophecy Publications, 1991.
Cirlot, J.E. A DICTIONARY OF SYMBOLS. Barnes & Noble Books, 1995 (1971).
“Dan”, Yair Davidy, 2/19/99, Brit-Am Israel, POB 595, Jerusalem, Israel 91004, britam@actcom.co.il
Doresse, Jean. THE SECRET BOOKS OF THE EGYPTIAN GNOSTICS, NY:MFJ Books, 1986 (1958).
Eidersheim, Alfred. THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JESUS THE MESSIAH, Grand Rapids, MI, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1971, 1886.
Eliade, Mircea, Editor. THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RELIGION New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1987.
ENCYCLOPEDIA JUDAICA. Jerusalem, Israel: Keter Publishing House, 1979.
ENCYCLOPEDIC DICTIONARY OF THE BIBLE, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1963.
Fiedeler, David. JESUS CHRIST SON OF GOD: ANCIENT COSMOLOGY AND EARLY CHRISTIAN SYMBOLISM,
Quest Books, Theosophical Society, 1993.
Freedman, David Noel. THE ANCHOR BIBLE DICTIONARY, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1992.
Gardner, Laurence. BLOODLINE OF THE HOLY GRAIL; Element Books, 1996.
Gardner, Laurence. GENESIS OF THE GRAIL KINGS; Element Books, 2000.
Hackett, Prof. H.B. Ed., DR. WILLIAM SMITH’S DICTIONARY OF THE BIBLE, Grand Rapids MI, Baker Book House, 1971, 1870.
Hall, Manly P. THE LOST KEYS OF FREEMASONRY OR THE SECRET OF HIRAM ABIFF, Richmond, VA, Macoy Publishing and Masonic Supply Co., Inc., 1976, 1923.
Hastings, James. A DICTIONARY OF THE BIBLE, NY: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1923.
Herbermann, Charles G., et al, Editors. THE CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: INTERNATIONAL WORK OF REFERENCE ON THE CONSTITUTION, DOCTRINE, DISCIPLINE AND HISTORY OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH, NY: Robert Appleton Co., 1908.
Hislop, Rev. Alexander. THE TWO BABYLONS OR THE PAPAL WORSHIP, America: Loizeaux Brothers, Inc., 1959.
Howard, Michael. THE OCCULT CONSPIRACY, Rochester, VT: Destiny Books, 1989.
Irenaeus. “Against Heresies,” Vol. I of Ante-Nicean Fathers: “The Apostolic Fathers, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus”, Alexander
Roberts and James Donaldson, Editors, Hendrickson Publishers, 1994.
Johnson, Buffie. LADY OF THE BEASTS: THE GODDESS AND HER SACRED ANIMALS Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions International, 1994.
Lincoln, Henry. THE HOLY PLACE: DISCOVERING THE EIGHTH WONDER OF THE ANCIENT WORLD, NY: Arcade Publishing, 1991.
Marrs, Texe. CIRCLE OF INTRIGUE: THE HIDDEN INNER CIRCLE OF THE GLOBAL ILLUMINATI CONSPIRACY Austin, TX: Living Truth Publishers, 1995.
M’Clintock, The Rev. John and James Strong. CYCLOPAEDIA OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE, NY: Harper and Brothers Publishers, 1872.
Morris, Robert. FREEMASONRY IN THE HOLY LAND: A NARRATIVE OF MASONIC EXPLORATIONS MADE IN 1868, IN THE LAND OF KING SOLOMON AND THE TWO HIRAMS, LaGrange KY, 1879.
THE NEW CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA, Ed., Catholic University of America, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1967.
Pfeiffer, Charles F. BAKER’S BIBLE ATLAS, Revised Edition, Grand Rapids MI, Baker Book House, 1997, 1961.
Picknett, Lynn & Clive Prince, THE TEMPLAR REVELATION: SECRET GUARDIANS OF THE TRUE IDENTITY OF CHRIST, Simon and Schuster, 1997.
Pinay, Maurice, THE PLOT AGAINST THE CHURCH, St. Anthony Press, 1967.
“Protocols of Zion”, BEHOLD A PALE HORSE; Editor: Milton William Cooper Sedona, AR: Light Technology Publishing, 1991.
“Genesis of Eden?” http://www.math.auckland.ac.nz/~king/Preprints/book/dovcer/jubiln.htm
Singer, Isodore. THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA, Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1902.
Springmeier, Fritz. THE TOP 13 ILLUMINATI BLOODLINES, Portland, OR: Fritz Springmeier, 1995..
Strong, James. THE NEW STRONG’S EXHAUSTIVE CONCORDANCE OF THE BIBLE, 1984.
Tenney, Merrill, C., Editor. THE ZONDERVAN PICTORIAL BIBLE DICTIONARY, Grand Rapids MI, Zondervan Publishing House, 1967, 1963.
THE HOMILIES OF ST. JEROME, Washington, D.C., The Catholic University of America Press, Inc., translated by Sr. Marie Liguori Ewald, 1964.
THE NEW ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, 15th Edition, 1987.
Thompson, Frank Charles. THE THOMPSON CHAIN REFERENCE BIBLE, 5th Ed., Indianapolis IN, B.B. Kirkbride Bible Co., Inc., 1988, 1908.
Unger, Merrill F. THE NEW UNGER’S BIBLE DICTIONARY, R.K. Harrison, Ed., Chicago, Moody Press, 1988, 1957.
Van Buren, Elizabeth. THE SIGN OF THE DOVE, Suffolk: Neville Spearman, Ltd., 1983.
Sitemap |
|
|
The Goddess Transformation |
|
Anwar’s Good for ISA Forever
Re-Blogged Credit to | The Anwar Ibrahim Factor
Politik Anwar bahaya
Oleh Norfatimah Ahmad dan Sazarina Shahrim
bhnews@bharian.com.my
Sentimen Cina, India cetus keresahan kaum
KUALA LUMPUR: Ketua Pembangkang, Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim, memainkan sentimen amat berbahaya dengan menimbulkan pelbagai isu berbentuk spekulasi seolah-olah melakukan ‘tawar-menawar’ dengan masyarakat Cina dan India untuk meraih simpati bagi mencapai impiannya untuk berkuasa.
Ketua Penerangan Umno, Tan Sri Muhammad Muhd Taib, berkata Penasihat Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR) itu menimbulkan lepas satu isu satu isu lain, macam dalam drama, plot demi plot, sedangkan semua itu hanya spekulasi politik.
“Anwar meraih simpati undi Cina dan India untuk berkuasa. Ini mengakibatkan wujud salah interpretasi mengenai hak kaum. Semua kaum seharusnya mematuhi hak mereka dalam Perlembagaan Persekutuan kerana perkara itu sudah dipersetujui ketika kemerdekaan,” katanya.
Sehubungan itu, beliau meminta rakyat tidak terpengaruh dengan slogan politik Anwar yang memainkan sentimen orang Cina dan India supaya meruntuhkan keharmonian serta kemakmuran yang dibina kerajaan Barisan Nasional (BN).
“Rakyat perlu kembali kepada semangat kerjasama kaum ketika Perlembagaan Persekutuan digubal. Kita tidak boleh pinda Perlembagaan ikut alunan macam turun naik ombak kerana yang akan jadi mangsa adalah rakyat dan kestabilan negara,” katanya.
Let’s forget about Anwar Ibrahim for a while. I think Malaysians can be categorised into 3 major groups using the Zaid Ibrahim Factor. Those who agree with him and looks forward to the reforms he has in mind, those who abhor him for the kind of ‘keterbukaan’ and freedom he has given to the law fraternity, and the threats he has allegedly implied on the Muslim Malay community. Lastly, the third group would be those who have no idea who he is and think that reform in Malaysia means building more bridges, roads and more super-malls.
Off The Edge August issue provided an insightful look into the Malaysian and the lawyer that is in Datuk Zaid Ibrahim, our current de-factor Law Minister, who was brought to the Cabinet after the March 8 BN disaster, despite initially thrown into the bekas YB UMNO rubbish-bin. I suggest you all read it.
Read on, and see which group you belong to.
Group 1: You will find inspiration and small hopes when you read the following: (excerpts from the interview with Zaid Ibrahim in OfftheEdge.)
- ….”If you want reforms, it’s not enough to talk about concepts such as the rule of law or about restrictive laws. You have to show, by tangible process or module, that you are better off with this change. You have to convince at the intellectual level…after three months in government I realised more than I ever did before that people’s cultural milieu – their values, the environment they operate within – is the single most significant deterrent to reform. You have to address that”
- ….”I always say that the future of the Malays, in particular, depends not just on ample economic opportunities; equally important is they have ample opportunity for mindset change; changes in the level in which they interact with the world…”
- ….”if you want democracy and the rule of law, you must first provide the system with sufficient checks and balances. And then you must have sufficient transparency in the process itself, so that people know what has taken place. Secrecy is the opposite of that, and we still have this culture in our society…”
- …”I would like to see UMNO more democratic and being driven by issues rather than personalities…some of my friends think that I am out of touch with UMNO, but I merely take a different view of things…I would like a transformation of that magnitude. I would like to see debates among members of the Supreme Council – why are they standing for this post? – not just Shabery and Anwar. That would bring issues to the fore. We have to make the party alive and interesting, then we will have a following”
- …”I hope we can. I want to do my bit. I hope to make some difference in this short time that we have. That is all I can say. I think if we fail to change, things may reach a state where they would be irreversible. For too long we have lives in this less than clear state of rule of law. I want to reemphasise the importance that all political parties support these legal reforms. I do not see Malaysia can progress if institutions such as the courts and the police do not meet the expectations of the public, in discharging their duties and responsibilities. Our future depends on our civic institutions being respected, credible and operating within the parameters of efficiency, integrity and transparency. This is my two cents contribution to this country and I will fight for it”
Group 2: You will be in total agreement when the read such comments from fans of Chedet.com, the blog of our fourth prime minister, who laid the foundation for the current distress facing the country.
Salam Tun,
Pertama, Menteri de-facto, Zaid kena letak jawatan. Tiada pembelaan langsung kepada agama&bangsa. Memalukan Melayu. Harapkan pagar, pagar makan padi, harapkan menteri, menteri senyap sepi. Semuanya kerana kepentingan diri, sudah jadi Menteri, dah lah menteri yang kontroversi, dari UMNO KB yang kena gantung ahli.
Dalam hal Majlis Peguam…Pihak kerajaanlah yang harus dipersalahkan terutama Dato Zaid menteri undang-undang ini…kerana beliaulah yang terlalu baik memberi sagu hati kepada para hakim yang tersingkir dan sekarang nampaknya Majlis Peguam perlukan lebih lagi… Dimana suara Dato Zaid ini? Adakah kerajaan sekarang ni tunduk kepada Majlis Peguam ini…Kenapa rakyat sahaja yang hendak memprotes…Mungkinkan Dato Zaid akan mengiyakan sahaja segala tindak tanduk Majlis Peguam ini…
Menteri semacam ini seharus meletakan jawatan sahaja…selain dari Pak turut bosnya…tiada apa yang dibuat yang menampakan kebaikan…
Assalamu’alaikum Yang Amat Dihormati Tun dan bloggers,
1. Kepimpinan Majlis Peguam sememangnya kurang ajar dalam hal-hal sensitivity dan masih tak sedar diri. Termasuk Ong Ka Ting, Lim Keng Yaik, Samy Vellu dan Bernard Dompok. Siapa mereka ini nak pertikai Artikel 121 (1a)???
2. Zaid Ibrahim menteri bangsat hilang entah ke mana.
3. Apa yang hebatnya si Ambiga dapat Datuk. Negeri yang awarded Datukship patut segera tarik balik title tersebut. Jangan tunggu lagi.
Group 3: You will leave the future of the country to Group 1 and Group 2 kind of people.
So which group do you belong to? I foresee a better hope for this beautiful country if more Malaysians turn out to be in Group 1 while unfortunately, this country is heading for doom and gloom if the Group 2 kind of people are allowed to take charge.
Dr. Mahathir, with all due respect, has cultivated a very ill culture amongst us and has taught and inspired many people to be in Group 2.
Fiddunn’ya-Wa’Fil-A’herah
Tengkolok itu lambang sah nya kau sebagai manusia lambang hamba | ke walian itu, tiada per lambangan | malah rela bantu serah segalanya | ke makrifatullah | kesempurnaan ke walian kamu masih di roh nya | jangan lagi di seru roh nya | jangan ganggu pergam | musibah pernah tiba, air pernah pasang | musibah lagi satu, akan tiba | kau khianat sumpah | atau kau tak tahu janji nya | jangan main kan roh nya | selesaikan janji. tunai kan | sementara kita masih hidup | aku ibu nya. aku masih di roh nya | kau ter salah seru | ter salah wirid | hanya kita yang paham | anak cucu tak tahu | ini bukan permainan | kau juga tahu | kita tak payah ketemu | aku cuma mahu apa hak aku | dan aku akan selesaikan | apa yang menghambat kamu | jangan serah kan janji kepada yang tak tahu | musibah | elak kan | Nota untuk Keluarga Temenggung Johor
Nota dari Keluarga Istana Johor Lama dan Keluarga WH Kudus
Sitemap |
|
|
The Goddess Transformation |
|
.
MotherUniverse Links Here
.
.
Understanding MotherUniverse
.
.
Tolerating MotherUniverse
B.C. Put on alert for Huge Quake
..one day rupture into a major earthquake the size of the one off the coast of Indonesia on Dec. 26, 2004, which killed thousands.
Technorati Tags: Ko Yem Binjai
Oh, Lallah I am merciless, the sun rise I need a bless
hence upon you, bounty upon this request
angels arrive with happiness
caress.
by KYB.
anim2007 Finland
GOD’S LOVE IS SIMPLE AND PURE!!
Psalm 19
For the director of music. A psalm of David.
1 The heavens declare the glory of God;
the skies proclaim the work of his hands.
2 Day after day they pour forth speech;
night after night they display knowledge.
3 There is no speech or language
where their voice is not heard.
4 Their voice goes out into all the earth,
their words to the ends of the world.
In the heavens he has pitched a tent for the sun,
5 which is like a bridegroom coming forth from his pavilion,
like a champion rejoicing to run his course.
6 It rises at one end of the heavens
and makes its circuit to the other;
nothing is hidden from its heat.
7 The law of the LORD is perfect,
reviving the soul.
The statutes of the LORD are trustworthy,
making wise the simple.
8 The precepts of the LORD are right,
giving joy to the heart.
The commands of the LORD are radiant,
giving light to the eyes.
9 The fear of the LORD is pure,
enduring forever.
The ordinances of the LORD are sure
and altogether righteous.
10 They are more precious than gold,
than much pure gold;
they are sweeter than honey,
than honey from the comb.
11 By them is your servant warned;
in keeping them there is great reward.
12 Who can discern his errors?
Forgive my hidden faults.
13 Keep your servant also from willful sins;
may they not rule over me.
Then will I be blameless,
innocent of great transgression.
14 May the words of my mouth and the meditation of my heart
be pleasing in your sight,
O LORD, my Rock and my Redeemer.
—————————————————————
Summer,
and the nature is getting dressed up
in flower dresses and belongings
and green silk stockings.
Blue, deep or light blue,
and light yellow linen
and white bridal lace
are the clothings of meadows,
like a decorating shield
of the road sides and verges,
hills, valleys and dales,
and the deepist canyons,
where the red and blue ardour is build.
The nature declares the grateness of God
and dances with worship and joy,
it whispers in the spruce woods,
whistles in the bushes and tree tops,
sings so that the ladscape echoes
and it says with a heading:
we celibrate the summer wedding.
It is a great thing in a magificent way
when the sun shines,
so please
you can smell the summer hay
and sneeze.
Rain, warm summer rain,
irrigates the summer land,
and gives energy all about
so stretch out your hand,
feel the freshness of the growth.
And the grasshoppers are jumping
and playing the summer waltz,
so who will start this dance,
take a chance
it is time for a ball,
which goes on throught the night.
And decorated with flower belts
is the bride, the ballroom
Oh’ and who is the groom,
and the birds are fluttering their wings,
so run, run quicker than a blink
all cretatures, big and small
who hears that call.
And the blooming of bird cherries is over.
It is the time of roses.
Hurry up now, for soon it will be fall
and the flowers, they will die, all.
But next year, that is for sure,
God will let this wonder happen again,
that is his love, so simple and pure.
Written by Anitta on July 11. and 12.
Posted : KYB
The God of Broken Hearts Blogged :
| Original Author | BCF Survivor ® |
| Date/Time | 14 Jul 2008 7:38:27pm |
| Subject | Injustice dressed up in religious garb |
- Why is it so hard for churches to be accountable for their abuses against innocent men, women and children?
- Why do priests, ministers and elders, behave as if they are above the laws of this land and are not accountable to any democratic or just process?
- “More people are exploited and abused in the cause of religion than in any other way. Sex, money, and power all take a back seat to religion as a source of evil. Religion is the most dangerous energy source known to mankind. The moment a person (or government or religion or organization) is convinced that God is either ordering or sanctioning a cause or project, anything goes.”
Intro to Amos from ‘The Message’. - To prevent further injustice and abuse, we must all continue to speak up loud and clear. Victims who stand up to their abusers, are the most powerful and effective voices ever heard.
- These men have remained unaccountable for too long!
- It is up to us, to stop injustice and abuse!
Technorati Tags: Ko Yem Binjai
Gods and Goddesses
Information about Sumerian Gods and Goddesses is found on the Sumerian King List as well as Sumerian clay tablets and cylinder seals. The Sumerian King List records all the rulers of Earth back over 400,000 years. This huge stretch of time coupled with reigns into the thousands of years has caused most historians to reject its accuracy. However all the early rulers were allegedly gods – demi-gods or immortals.
These Gods were called the Nephilim Nefilim, Elohim, the Anunnaki – “Those who from Heaven to Earth came.”
In Sumerian Mythology they were a pantheon of good and evil gods and goddesses who came to Earth to create the human race. According to the some resources, these gods came from Nibiru – ‘Planet of the Crossing.’ The Assyrians and Babylonians called it ‘Marduk’, after their chief god. Sumerians said one year on planet Nibiru, a sar, was equivalent in time to 3,600 Earth years. Anunnaki lifespans were 120 sars which is 120 x 3,600 or 432,000 years. According to the King List – 120 sars had passed from the time the Anunnaki arrived on Earth to the time of the Flood.
The Sumerian Gods Create a Biogenetic Experiment Called Humans
The AnunnakiKing’s List are sometimes depicted as humanoid. At other times they are bird-headed with wings. Often they are Reptilian in appearance especially when depicted as warriors. Sometimes they are shown as a combination of several types of entities. All is myth, math, and metaphor, so look for the clues in every set of gods you read about, as they all follow the same patterns that repeat in cycles or loops called Time. The patterns of their battles reflect reality as duality and are found within every pantheon of gods – the same characters playing different roles.
A Sumerian tablet shows Enmeduranki, a prince in Sippar, who was well loved by Anu, Enlil and Ea. Shamash, a priest in the Bright Temple, appointed him then took him to the assembly of the gods. They showed him how to observe oil on water and many other secrets of Anu, Enlil and Ea. Then they gave him the Divine Tablet, the kibdu secret of Heaven and Earth. They taught him how to make calculations with numbers.”
The Sumerians never called the Anunnaki, ‘gods.’ They were called din.gir, a two-syllable word. ‘Din’ meant ‘righteous, pure, bright;’ ‘gir’ was a term used to describe a sharp-edged object. As an epithet for the Anunnaki ‘dingir’ meant ‘righteous ones of the bright pointed objects.’
Sumerian texts break up history into two epochs divided by the Great Deluge – the Biblical Flood. After the waters receded the great Anunnaki who decree the fate decided that the gods were too lofty for mankind. The term used – ‘elu’ in Akkadian – means exactly that: ‘Lofty Ones;’ from it comes the Babylonian, Assyrian, Hebrew, and Ugaritic El – the term to which the Greeks gave the connotation ‘god’.
From Genesis:
After the sons of God took human wives there were giants in the Earth in those days; and also after that, when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same became the mighty men which were of old, men of renown. The Nefilim were upon the Earth, in those days and thereafter too, when the sons of the gods cohabitated with the daughters of the Adam, and they bore children unto them. They were the mighty ones of Eternity – the people of the shem.’ Nefilim stems from the Semitic root NFL, ‘to be cast down.’
The Sumerians believed in their gods and saw the intentions of their gods as good and powerful beings who controlled their world. The Sumerians explanation for their hardships and misfortunes were the result of human deeds that displeased the gods – in a word, sin. They believed that when someone displeased the gods, these gods let demons punish the offender with sickness, disease or environmental disasters.
The Sumerians experienced infrequent rains that sometimes created disastrous floods, and they believed that these floods were punishments created by a demon god that lived in the depths of the Gulf of Persia. And to explain the misfortunes and suffering of infants, the Sumerians believed that sin was inborn, that never was a child born without sin. Therefore, wrote a Sumerian, when one suffered it was best not to curse the gods but to glorify them, to appeal to them, and to wait patiently for their deliverance.
In giving their gods human characteristics, the Sumerians projected onto their gods the conflicts they found among themselves. Sumerian priests wrote of a dispute between the god of cattle, Lahar, and his sister Ashnan, the goddess of grain. Like some other gods, these gods were vain and wished to be praised. Each of the two sibling gods extolled his and her own achievements and belittled the achievements of the other.
The Sumerians ’saw’ another dispute between the minor gods Emesh (summer) and his brother Enten (winter). Each of these brothers had specific duties in creation – like Cain the farmer and Able the herdsmen. The god Enlil put Emesh in charge of producing trees, building houses, temples, cities and other tasks. Enlil put Enten in charge of causing ewes to give birth to lambs, goats to give birth to kids, birds to build nests, fish to lay their eggs and trees to bear fruit. And the brothers quarreled violently as Emesh challenged Enten’s claim to be the farmer god.
A dispute existed also between the god Enki and a mother goddess, Ninhursag — perhaps originally the earth goddess Ki. Ninhursag made eight plants sprout in a divine garden, plants created from three generations of goddesses fathered by Enki.
These goddesses were described as having been born “without pain or travail.” Then trouble came as Enki ate the plants that Ninhursag had grown. Ninhursag responded with rage, and she pronounced a curse of death on Enki, and Enki’s health began to fail. Eight parts of Enki’s body – one for each of the eight plants that he ate – became diseased, one of which was his rib.
The goddess Ninhursag then disappeared so as not let sympathy for Enki change her mind about her sentence of death upon him. But she finally relented and returned to heal Enki. She created eight healing deities – eight more goddesses – one for each of Enki’s ailing body parts. The goddess who healed Enki’s rib was Nin-ti, a name that in Sumerian meant “lady of the rib,” which describes a character who was to appear in a different role in Hebrew writings centuries later, a character to be called Eve.
The Four Primary Gods
An – Anu
In Sumerian mythology and later for Assyrians and Babylonians, Anu was a sky-god, the god of heaven, lord of constellations, king of gods, spirits and demons, and dwelt in the highest heavenly regions. It was believed that he had the power to judge those who had committed crimes, and that he had created the stars as soldiers to destroy the wicked. He was the father of the Anunnaku (also spelled Anunnaki). In art he was sometimes depicted as a jackal. His attribute was the royal tiara, most times decorated with two pairs of bull horns.
He was also called An.
- In Sumerian mythology, An was the god whose name was synonymous with the sun’s zenith, or heaven. He was the oldest god in the Sumerian pantheon, and part of a triad including Enlil, god of the sky and Enki, god of water. He was called Anu by the Akkadians, rulers of Mesopotamia after the conquest of Sumer in 2334 BCE by King Sargon of Akkad.In Sumerian mythology and later for Assyrians and Babylonians, Anu was a sky-god, the god of heaven, lord of constellations, king of gods, spirits and demons, and dwelt in the highest heavenly regions. It was believed that he had the power to judge those who had committed crimes, and that he had created the stars as soldiers to destroy the wicked. He was the father of the Anunnaku (also spelled Anunnaki). In art he was sometimes depicted as a jackal. His attribute was the royal tiara, most times decorated with two pairs of bull horns.
By virtue of being the first figure in a triad consisting of Anu, Bel and Ea, Anu came to be regarded as the father and king of the gods. Anu is so prominently associated with the city of Erech in southern Babylonia that there are good reasons for believing this place to have been the original seat of the Anu cult. If this be correct, then the goddess Nana (or Ishtar) of Erech was presumably regarded as his consort.
The name of the god signifies the “high one” and he was probably a god of the atmospheric region above the earth–perhaps a storm god like Adad. However this may be, already in the old-Babylonian period, i.e. before Khammurabi, Anu was regarded as the god of the heavens and his name became in fact synonymous with the heavens, so that in some cases it is doubtful whether, under the term, the god or the heavens is meant.
It would seem from this that the grouping of the divine powers recognized in the universe into a triad symbolizing the three divisions, heavens, earth and the watery-deep, was a process of thought which had taken place before the third millennium.
To Anu was assigned the control of the heavens, to Bel the earth, and to Ea the waters.
The doctrine once established remained an inherent part of the Babylonian-Assyrian religion and led to the more or less complete disassociation of the three gods constituting the triad from their original local limitations.
An intermediate step between Anu viewed as the local deity of Erech (or some other centre), Bel as the god of Nippur, and Ea as the god of Eridu is represented by the prominence which each one of the centers associated with the three deities in question must have acquired, and which led to each one absorbing the qualities of other gods so as to give them a controlling position in an organized pantheon.
For Nippur we have the direct evidence that its chief deity, En-lil or Bel, was once regarded as the head of an extensive pantheon. The sanctity and, therefore, the importance of Eridu remained a fixed tradition in the minds of the people to the latest days, and analogy therefore justifies the conclusion that Anu was likewise worshipped in a centre which had acquired great prominence.
The summing-up of divine powers manifested in the universe in a threefold division represents an outcome of speculation in the schools attached to the temples of Babylonia, but the selection of Anu, Bel and Ea for the three representatives of the three spheres recognized, is due to the importance which, for one reason or the other, the centers in which Anu, Bel and Ea were worshipped had acquired in the popular mind.
Each of the three must have been regarded in his centre as the most important member in a larger or smaller group, so that their union in a triad marks also the combination of the three distinctive pantheons into a harmonious whole. In the astral theology of Babylonia and Assyria, Anu, Bel and Ea became the three zones of the ecliptic, the northern, middle and southern zone respectively.
The purely theoretical character of Anu is thus still further emphasized, and in the annals and votive inscriptions as well as in the incantations and hymns, he is rarely introduced as an active force to whom a personal appeal can be made. His name becomes little more than a synonym for the heavens in general and even his title as king or father of the gods has little of the personal element in it.
A consort Antum (or as some scholars prefer to read, Anatum) is assigned to him, on the theory that every deity must have a female associate, but Antum is a purely artificial product–a lifeless symbol playing even less of a part in what may be called the active pantheon than Anu.
In Hurrian mythology, Anu was the progenitor of all gods. His son Kumarbi bit off his genitals and spat out three deities, one of whom, Teshub, later deposed Kumarbi. He bit off the genitals of Anu and spat out three new gods. One of those, the storm god Teshub, later deposed Kumarbi. Scholars have pointed to the remarkable similarities between this Hurrian creation myth and the story of Ouranos, Kronos, and Zeus from Greek mythology. It’s all recycled in the loops of time with the same characters playing most of the roles – or one character playing them all.
According to the Earth Chronicles series by Zecharia Sitchin, the wife of Anu was a fertility goddess and the mother of the gods; her cult was centered in Munster. However, Anu was one of the Anunnaki who came from the planet Nibiru (Marduk).
According to Sitchin’s theories on Sumerian legend and lore, the Anunnaki arrived first on Earth probably 400,000 years ago, looking for minerals, especially gold, which they found and mined gold in Africa. Sitchin may have confused the Mesopotamian god Anu with the Irish goddess Anann – or are they the same?
Ninhursag- Ki
Milking scenes from the Temple of Ninhursag, – Tell al Ubaid, c. 2400 B.C.
Frieze with Lion-Headed Eagle (Ninhursag) and Stags, copper, Temple at Tell al-Ubaid, 2500 BCE, h: 1.07 from the Early Dynastic – Southern Mesopotamian Period, 2900 BCE – 2350 BCE – Found in Ubaid. This copper frieze was found in the temple at Ubaid, presumably to be placed over the doorway. It represents the storm-god Ninhursag (lady of the mountain), shown as a lion-headed eagle grasping two stags with her great talons. The panel has been cast in high relief, with the heads of the three beasts cast separately. Note that the head of the eagle breaks out of the border of the frieze.
In Sumerian mythology, Ninhursag (or Ki) was the earth and mother-goddess she usually appears as the sister of Enlil. Ninhursag means ‘Lady of the Foothills’. She had many other names: Nintur ‘Lady Birth’, Ninmah ‘Lady August’, Dingirmah, Aruru, and as wife of Enki was usually called Damgalnunna.
In Akkadian she was Belit-ili ‘Lady of the Gods’ and Mama and as wife to Ea, Enki’s Akkadian counterpart, she was called Damkina. Her prestige decreased as Ishtar’s increased, but her aspect as Damkina mother of Marduk, the supreme god of Babylonia, still held a secure place in the pantheon.
In union with Enki she also bore Ninsar, goddess of the pasture. She was the chief nurse, the one in charge of medical facilities. In that role that the Goddess was called NINTI (lady-life). She was considered the Mother Goddess. She was nicknamed ‘Mammu’ – now called ‘mother’ ‘mom’.
Ninhursag bore a male child to Enlil. His name was NIN.UR.TA (lord who completes the fountain). He was the son who to do battle for his father using bolts of lightening.
In Egypt she played the roles of several creational goddesses – Isis, Maat and Hathor.
Enki
Sumer the Initial Insert
The Sumerian biogenetic experiment begins.
Watering the Tree of Life – Creating a Bloodline
Ea stands in his watery home the Apsu.
Enki walks out of the water to the land attended by his messenger, Isimud
who is readily identifiable by his two faces looking in opposite directions (duality).
The Lion’s tail/tale – Age of Leo.
Enki stands with the Gods and the Initiate
Water of Life flowing into the laboratory glassware indicates alchemical circulations.
The creation of the first human
Laboratory vessels symbolize the bloodline and the Tree of Life.
Handing the water/liquid/blood of life
to a bio-genetically engineered human. Humans are a hybrid species.
Duality – Yin Yang
Male-female separation of Twin Soul Aspects – Reunion in 2012
Enki’s emblem was two serpents [twin human DNA] entwined on a staff – the basis for the winged caduceus symbol used by modern Western medicine and the rod of Hermes. Enki’s sacred number is 40. He was the leader of the first sons of Anu who came down to Earth, playing a pivotal role in saving humanity from the Deluge. He defied the Anunnaki ruling council and told Ziusudra (the Sumerian Noah) how to build a ship on which to save humanity from the blood. Ea would have been over 120 sars old at that time, yet his activity with humanity continued to be actively reported for thousands of years thereafter.
Enki’s youngest son, Ningizzida, was Lord of the Tree of Truth, in Mesopotamia. He played the role of Thoth in Egypt. The ancient Mystery School Teachings of Thoth were past down to his Initiates who became the priests. They hid the secret knowledge of creation, passing it down through the ages until the experiment was to end. Enki was the deity of water, intelligence and creation. The main temple of Enki was the so-called é-engur-ra, the “house of the water-deep” in Eridu, which was in the wetlands of the Euphrates valley at some distance from the Persian Gulf. This takes us to the Cradle of Civilization.
Kundalini
Caduceus Rod of Hermes, DNA
Alchemy
Lyra of Hermes
Using the Rod to Slay the Dragon
Omega Project, Ending the Human DNA Experiment, Leo, Lion
Ouroboros — 2012
Enki was a deity in Sumerian mythology, later known as Ea in Babylonian mythology. The name Ea is of Sumerian origin and was written by means of two signs signifying “house” and “water”. Enki was the deity of water, intelligence and creation. The main temple of Enki was the so-called é-engur-ra, the “house of the (water-)deep”; it was in Eridu, which was in the wetlands of the Euphrates valley at some distance from the Persian Gulf. He was the keeper of the holy powers called Me. The exact meaning of his name is not sure: the common translation is “Lord of the Earth”: the Sumerian en is translated as “lord”, ki as “earth”; but there are theories that ki in this name has another origin.He is the lord of the Apsu, the watery abyss. His name is possibly an epithet bestowed on him for the creation of the first man, [Adamu or Adapa. His symbols included a goat and a fish, which later combined into a single beast, the Capricorn, which became one of the signs of the zodiac. Enki had a penchant for beer and a string of incestuous affairs. First, he and his consort Ninhursag had a daughter Ninsar. He then had intercourse with Ninsar who gave birth to Ninkurra. Finally, he had intercourse with Ninkurra, who gave birth to Uttu.
According to Sumerian mythology, Enki allowed humanity to survive the Deluge designed to kill them. After Enlil, An and the rest of the apparent Council of Deities, decided that Man would suffer total annihilation, he covertly rescued the human man Ziusudra by either instructing him to build some kind of an boat for his family, or by bringing him into the heavens in a magic boat. This is apparently the oldest surviving source of the Noah's Ark myth and other parallel Middle Eastern Deluge myths.
Enki was considered a god of life and replenishment, and was often depicted with streams of water emanating from his shoulders. Alongside him were trees symbolizing the male and female aspects of nature, each holding the male and female aspects of the 'Life Essence', which he, as apparent alchemist of the gods, would masterfully mix to create several beings that would live upon the face of the Earth.
Eridu, meaning "the good city", was one of the oldest settlements in the Euphrates valley, and is now represented by the mounds known as Abu Shahrein. In the absence of excavations on that site, we are dependent for our knowledge of Ea on material found elsewhere. This is, however, sufficient to enable us to state definitely that Ea was a water-deity, lord especially of the water under the earth, the Apsu. Whether Ea (or A-e as some scholars prefer) represents the real pronunciation of his name we do not know.
Older accounts sometimes suppose that by reason of the constant accumulation of soil in the Euphrates valley Eridu was formerly situated on the Persian Gulf itself (as indicated by mention in Sumerian texts of its being on the Apsu), but it is now known that the opposite is true, that the waters of the Persian Gulf have been eroding the land and that the Apsu must refer to the fresh water of the marshes surrounding the city.
Ea is figured as a man covered with the body of a fish, and this representation, as likewise the name of his temple E-apsu, "house of the watery deep", points decidedly to his character as a god of the waters. Of his cult at Eridu, which goes back to the oldest period of Babylonian history, nothing definite is known except that his temple was named Esaggila = "the lofty house", pointing to a staged tower (as with the temple of Enlil at Nippur, which was known as Ekur = "mountain house"), and that incantations, involving ceremonial rites, in which water as a sacred element played a prominent part, formed a feature of his worship.
Whether Eridu at one time also played an important political role is not certain, though not improbable. At all events, the prominence of the Ea cult led, as in the case of Nippur, to the survival of Eridu as a sacred city, long after it had ceased to have any significance as a political center. Myths in which Ea figures prominently have been found in Assurbanipal's library, indicating that Ea was regarded as the protector and teacher of mankind. He is essentially a god of civilization, and it was natural that he was also looked upon as the creator of man, and of the world in general.
Traces of this view appear in the Marduk epic celebrating the achievements of this god, and the close connection between the Ea cult at Eridu and that of Marduk also follows from two considerations:
- the name of Marduk's sanctuary at Babylon bears the same name, Esaggila, as that of Ea in Eridu
- Marduk is generally termed the son of Ea, who derives his powers from the voluntary abdication of the father in favor of his son.
Accordingly, the incantations originally composed for the Ea cult were re-edited by the priests of Babylon and adapted to the worship of Marduk, and, similarly, the hymns to Marduk betray traces of the transfer of attributes to Marduk which originally belonged to Ea.
It is, however, more particularly as the third figure in the triad, the two other members of which were Anu and Enlil, that Ea acquires his permanent place in the pantheon. To him was assigned the control of the watery element, and in this capacity he becomes the shar apsi, i.e. king of the Apsu or "the deep." The Apsu was figured as the abyss of water beneath the earth, and since the gathering place of the dead, known as Aralu, was situated near the confines of the Apsu, he was also designated as En-Ki, i.e. "lord of that which is below", in contrast to Anu, who was the lord of the "above" or the heavens.
The cult of Ea extended throughout Babylonia and Assyria. We find temples and shrines erected in his honor, e.g. at Nippur, Girsu, Ur, Babylon, Sippar and Nineveh, and the numerous epithets given to him, as well as the various forms under which the god appears, alike bear witness to the popularity which he enjoyed from the earliest to the latest period of Babylonian-Assyrian history.
The consort of Ea, known as Damkina, "lady of that which is below," or Damgalnunna, "great lady of the waters," represents a pale reflection of Ea and plays a part merely in association with her lord.
Enlil
Enlil was the name of a chief deity in Babylonian religion, perhaps pronounced and sometimes rendered in translations as Ellil in later Akkadian. The name is Sumerian and has been believed to mean 'Lord Wind' though a more literal interpretation is 'Lord of the Command'.
Enlil was the god of wind, or the sky between earth and heaven. One story has him originate as the exhausted breath of An (God of the heavens) and Ki (goddess of the Earth) after sexual union. Another accounts is that he and his sister Ninhursag/Ninmah/Aruru were children of an obscure god Enki 'Lord Earth' (not the famous Enki) by Ninki 'Lady Earth'.
When Enlil was a young god, he was banished from Dilmun, home of the gods, to Kur, the underworld for raping a young girl named Ninlil. Ninlil followed him to the underworld where she bore his first child, the moon god Sin. After fathering three more underworld deities, Enlil was allowed to return to Dilmun.
Enlil was also known as the inventor of the pickaxe/hoe (favorite tool of the Sumerians) and the cause of plants growing. He was in possession of the holy Me, until he gave them to Enki for safe keeping, who summarily lost them to Inanna in a drunken stupor.
Enlil's relation to An 'Sky', in theory the supreme god of the Sumerian pantheon, was somewhat like that of a Frankish mayor of the palace compared to the king, or that of a Japanese shogun compared to the emperor, or to a prime minister in a modern constitutional monarchy compared to the supposed monarch. While An was in name ruler in the highest heavens, it was Enlil who mostly did the actual ruling over the world.
By his wife Ninlil or Sud, Enlil was father of the moon god Nanna (in Akkadian Sin) and of Ninurta (also called Ningirsu). Enlil is sometimes father of Nergal, of Nisaba the goddess of grain, of Pabilsag who is sometimes equated with Ninurta, and sometimes of Enbilulu. By Ereshkigal Enlil was father of Namtar.
Enlil is associated with the ancient city of Nippur, and since Enlu with the determinative for "land" or "district" is a common method of writing the name of the city, it follows, apart from other evidence, that Enlil was originally the patron deity of Nippur.
At a very early period - prior to 3000 BC - Nippur had become the centre of a political district of considerable extent. Inscriptions found at Nippur, where extensive excavations were carried on during 1888-1900 by Messrs Peters and Haynes, under the auspices of the University of Pennsylvania, show that Enlil was the head of an extensive pantheon. Among the titles accorded to him are "king of lands," "king of heaven and earth" and "father of the gods".
His chief temple at Nippur was known as Ekur, signifying 'House of the mountain', and such was the sanctity acquired by this edifice that Babylonian and Assyrian rulers, down to the latest days, vied with one another in embellishing and restoring Enlil's seat of worship, and the name Ekur became the designation of a temple in general.
Grouped around the main sanctuary, there arose temples and chapels to the gods and goddesses who formed his court, so that Ekur became the name for an entire sacred precinct in the city of Nippur.
The name "mountain house" suggests a lofty structure and was perhaps the designation originally of the staged tower at Nippur, built in imitation of a mountain, with the sacred shrine of the god on the top.
When, with the political rise of Babylon as the centre of a great empire, Nippur yielded its prerogatives to the city over which Marduk presided, the attributes and the titles of Enlil were largely transferred to Marduk.
But Enlil did not, however, entirely lose his right to have any considerable political importance, while in addition the doctrine of a triad of gods symbolizing the three divisions - heavens, earth and water - assured to Enlil, to whom the earth was assigned as his province, his place in the religious system.
It was no doubt in part Enlil's position as the second figure of the triad that enabled him to survive the political eclipse of Nippur and made his sanctuary a place of pilgrimage to which Assyrian kings down to the days of Assur-bani-pal paid their homage equally with Babylonian rulers.
The Sumerian ideogram for Enlil or Ellil was formerly incorrectly read as Bel by scholars, but in fact Enlil was not especially given the title Bel 'Lord' more than many other gods.
The Babylonian god Marduk is mostly the god persistently called Bel in late Assyrian and Babylonian inscriptions and it is Marduk that mostly appears in Greek and Latin texts as Belos or Belus. References in older literature to Enlil as the old Bel and Marduk as the young Bel derive from this error in reading.
Ziggurat of Enlil at Nippur
Anshar
In Akkadian mythology and Sumerian mythology, Anshar (also Anshur, Ashur, Asshur) is the sky god. He is the husband of his sister Kishar; they are the children of Lahmu and Lahamu, and the parents of Anu and Ea (and, in some traditions, Enlil). He is sometimes depicted as having Ninlil as a consort. As Anshar, he is progenitor of the Akkadian pantheon; as Ashur, he is the head of the Assyrian pantheon. Anshar led the gods in the war against Tiamat.
Winged Assur is portrayed looking like the Faravahar or Zoroaster (Z).
Sumerian Minor Gods and Goddesses
Ereshkigal
In Sumerian and Akkadian (Babylonian and Assyrian) mythology, Ereshkigal, wife of Nergal, was the goddess of Irkalla, the land of the dead. She managed the destiny of those who were beyond the grave, in the Underworld, where she was queen.
It was said that she had been stolen away by Kur and taken to the Underworld, where she was made queen unwillingly. She is actually the twin sister of Enki. Ereshkigal was the only one who could pass judgement and give laws in her kingdom, and her name means "Lady of the Great Place", "Lady of the Great Earth", or "Lady of the Great Below". Her main temples were at Kutha and Sippar.
Ereshkigal was also Inanna and Ishtar.
Inanna
The goddess Inanna (Innin, or Innini) was the patron and special god/goddess of the ancient Sumerian city of Erech (Uruk), the City of Gilgamesh. As Queen of heaven, she was associated with the Evening Star (the planet Venus), and sometimes with the Moon. She may also have been associated the brightest stars in the heavens, as she is sometimes symbolized by an eight-pointed star, a seven-pointed star, or a four pointed star. In the earliest traditions, Inanna was the daughter of An, the Sky, Ki, the Earth (both of Uruk, (Warka)). In later Sumerian traditions, she is the daughter of Nanna (Narrar), the Moon God and Ningal, the Moon Goddess (both of Ur).
On either side of her cult statue shown above is the ring-post, also known as Inanna's knot. This was a sacred symbol of Inanna, associated exclusively with her. It represents a door-post made from a bundle of reeds, the upper ends, bent into a loop to hold a cross-pole. The ring-post is shown on many depictions of Inanna, including those of the famed Warka Vase.
Inanna
Owl - Eye Symbology
Wings - Evolution of Consciousness in the Alchemy of Time
Palms - Jesus - Holding Omega - Endings - Leo - Lion
Twin Lions - Breast of the Sphinx
Inanna was one of the most revered of goddesses among later Sumerian mythology.
Inanna's Descent
A winged goddess wearing a multi-horned crown stands with her head in the realm of the deities and their devotees. Her bird-clawed feet rest in a place, likely the underworld, inhabited by strange and demonic creatures. This shows the duality of her nature - as well as our own - above and below. Some think her to be Lilith, but the crown shows her to be a great goddess, almost certainly Inanna. Mesopotamian cylinder seal. Hematite. 2000-1600 BCE.
She was said to descend from the ancient family of the creator goddess Nammu, who was her grandmother. Inanna held "full power of judgment and decision and the control of the law of heaven and earth." Her sacred planet was Venus, the evening star. She was often symbolized as a lioness in battle. Along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers were many shrines and temples dedicated to Inanna.
The temple of E Anna, Inanna's House of Heaven, in Uruk, was the greatest of these. This temple was 5000 years old and had been built and rebuilt many times to hold a community of sacred women who cared for the temple lands. The high priestess of Inanna would choose for her bed one she would appoint as shepherd. He would represent Dumuzi, sacred son/lover of Inanna, if he could prove his worth.
In later times, Inanna's lost some of her attributes, which were then said then to have been given her by Enki, rather than by her grandmother Nammu and her mother Ningal.
The myth states that Inanna traveled to Eridu and was given the one hundred Mes, which were the gifts of culture such as truth and justice, as well as practical skills such as weaving and pottery-making. Though Enki regretted his drunken decision to release the Mes to her and sent mighty sea monsters to stop her boat as it sailed the Euphrates, she was able to defeat them and bring the knowledge back to Uruk.
Inanna and Dumuzi
Dumuzi in net skirt (symbolizes grids) feeding sheep.
Inanna's standards ("gateposts") that frame the image suggest
that the event is happening inside her temple grounds.
Mesopotamian cylinder seal. Marble. About 3200-3000 BCE.
Dumuzi
Today several versions of the Sumerian death of Dumuzi have been recovered, "Inanna's Descent to the Underworld", "Dumuzi's dream" and "Dumuzi and the galla", as well as a tablet separately recounting Dumuzi's death, mourned by holy Inanna, and his noble sister Gestinanna, and even his dog and the lambs and kids in his fold; Dumuzi himself is weeping at the hard fate in store for him, after he had walked among men, and the cruel galla of the Underworld seize him.
A number of pastoral poems and songs relate the love affair of Inanna and Dumuzid the shepherd. A text recovered in 1963 recounts "The Courtship of Inanna and Dumuzi" in terms that are tender and frankly erotic.
According to the myth of Inanna's descent to the underworld, represented in parallel Sumerian and Akkadian tablets, Inanna (Ishtar in the Akkadian texts) set off for the netherworld, or Kur, which was ruled by her sister Ereshkigal, perhaps to take it as her own. She passed through seven gates and at each one was required to leave a garment or an ornament so that when she had passed through the seventh gate she was entirely naked. Despite warnings about her presumption, she did not turn back but dared to sit herself down on Ereshkigal's throne. Immediately the Anunnaki of the underworld judged her, gazed at her with the eyes of death, and she became a corpse, hung up on a nail.
Based on the incomplete texts as first found, it was assumed that Ishtar/Inanna's descent into Kur occurred after the death of Tammuz/Dumuzid rather than before and that her purpose was to rescue Tammuz/Dumuzid. This is the familiar form of the myth as it appeared in M. Jastrow's Descent of the Goddess Ishtar into the Lower World 1915, widely available on the Internet. New texts uncovered in 1963 filled in the story in quite another fashion, showing that Dumuzi was in fact consigned to the Underworld himself, in order to secure Inanna's release.
Inanna's faithful servant attempted to get help from the other gods but only wise Enki/Ea responded. The details of Enki/Ea's plan differ slightly in the two surviving accounts, but in the end, Inanna/Ishtar was resurrected. However, a "conservation of souls" law required her to find a replacement for herself in Kur. She went from one god to another, but each one pleaded with her and she had not the heart to go through with it until she found Dumuzid/Tammuz richly dressed and on her throne. Inanna/Ishtar immediately set her accompanying demons on Dumuzid/Tammuz. At this point the Akkadian text fails as Tammuz' sister Belili, introduced for the first time, strips herself of her jewelry in mourning but claims that Tammuz and the dead will come back.
There is some confusion here. The name Belili occurs in one of the Sumerian texts also, but it is not the name of Dumuzid's sister who is there named Geshtinana, but is the name of an old woman whom another text calls Bilulu.
In any case, the Sumerian texts relate how Dumuzid fled to his sister Geshtinana who attempted to hide him but who could not in the end stand up to the demons. Dumuzid has two close calls until the demons finally catch up with him under the supposed protection of this old woman called Bilulu or Belili and then they take him. However Inanna repents.
Inanna seeks vengeance on Bilulu, on Bilulu's murderous son Gigrgire and on Girgire's consort Shirru "of the haunted desert, no-one's child and no-one's friend". Inanna changes Bilulu into a waterskin and Girgire into a protective god of the desert while Shirru is assigned to watch always that the proper rites are performed for protection against the hazards of the desert.
Finally, Inanna relents and changes her decree thereby restoring her husband Dumuzi to life; an arrangement is made by which Geshtinana will take Dumuzid's place in Kur for six months of the year: "You (Dumuzi), half the year. Your sister (Gestinanna), half the year!" This newly-recovered final line upset Samuel Noah Kramer's former interpretation, as he allowed: "my conclusion that Dumuzi dies and "stays dead" forever (cf e.g. Mythologies of the Ancient World p. 10) was quite erroneous: Dumuzi according to the Sumerian mythographers rises from the dead annually and, after staying on earth for half the year, descends to the Nether World for the other half".
Aside from this extended epic "The Descent of Inanna," a previously unknown "Courtship of Inanna and Dumuzi" was first translated into English and annotated by Sumerian scholar Noah Kramer and folklorist Diane Wolkstein working in tandem, and published in 1983. In this tale Inanna's lover, the shepherd-king Dumuzi, brought a wedding gift of milk in pails, yoked across his shoulders.
The name of Dumuzi/Tammuz was carried by Tammuzh, a Tamil Pandyan king in the Dravidian cultural realm of ancient South India, who held his capital at Kuadam. The language and cultural term Tamil is an anglicised form of the native name Tamizhi.
Inanna
Probably the most important Sumerian contribution to civilization was the invention and creation of a standard writing and literature; the Sumerians also had libraries. Their literary works reveal religious beliefs, ethical ideas, and the spiritual aspirations of the Sumerians. Among these works are the hymns and stories of Inanna -- important here because they were recorded at a time when the patriarchy was beginning to take hold, and the position of the Goddess, although strong, was changing.
She presented the me by Enki. The me is the order out of chaos, the great attributes of civilization, the powers of the gods. The me were conferred by the gods on other gods or on the king-priests, who as the representatives of the gods on Earth, ensured the continuation of civilization.
The special powers, contained within the me allowed the holy plan or design (the gis-hur) to be implemented on Earth. The me were contained within special objects of great sacred value, such as the royal throne, the sacred bed, the temple drum, the scepter, the crown, and other special articles of clothing or jewelry to be worn, sat on, lied in, and so forth. These things were charmed like a talisman. Inanna got Enki drunk on beer and tricked him into giving her the me. They gave her many special gifts and powers. She became Goddess and Queen of Heaven and Earth, now able to descend into the Underworld and ascend once again.
Inanna was the Queen of Beasts
The Lion was her sacred animal
Inanna could be wily and cunning. She was a powerful warrior, who drove a war chariot, drawn by lions. In the duality of our reality she is portrayed as gentle and loving, a source of beauty and grace, a source of inspiration. She endowed the people of Sumer with gifts that inspired and insured their growth as a people and a culture. She is also depicted as a passionate, sensuous lover in The Courtship of Inanna and Damuzi, which established the principle of Sacred Marriage. Indeed, one aspect of Inanna is as the Goddess of Love, and it is in this aspect that she embodies creativity, procreativity, passion, raw sexual energy and power.
During the time the Goddess Inanna ruled the people of Sumer, they and their communities prospered and thrived. The urban culture, though agriculturally dependent, centered upon the reverence of the Goddess - a cella, or shrine, in her honor was the centerpiece of the cities. Inanna was the queen of seven temples throughout Sumer.
Erech or Uruk, near modern Warka was Inanna's sacred city. It was one of the oldest cities of Sumer. The Bible said that King Nimrod founded it. Dumuzi, Inanna's consort was a shepherd king of Uruk, as was Gilgamesh and his father Lugalbanda. The Temple of Inanna was in Erech. Also known as the E-ana or House of Heaven, this was her most important temple. The shrine of the Goddess was built on an artificial mound some forty feet above the ground level and was reached by a staircase. A statue of the Goddess was housed within the shrine.
Queen Shub-Ad reigned from the First Dynasty of Ur. Her grave was excavated by Sir Leonard Woolley of the British Museum in 1929. She was buried with her King in a vast tomb complex about 2900 BCE, with the accompaniment of what Woolley called "human sacrifice on a lavish scale," for along with the King and Queen, numerous male and female attendants, soldiers, grooms, handmaidens, ladies in waiting, etc. were also buried; even a harpist and her golden harp, inlayed with lapis. Chariots, carts, and their animals were also buried with them. The Queen wore the beautiful headdress of spirals of gold, terminating in lapis-centered gold flowers (or stars). The Queen also wore large golden earrings of lunate shape that hung to her shoulders; lapis amulets of a bull and a calf, and strands of lapis, agate, carnelian and gold beads. The Queen's grave was much more elaborate than that of the King, perhaps indicating her equal or even greater importance.
Inanna was Ishtar.
Ishtar
Ishtar is the Akkadian counterpart to the Sumerian Inanna and to the cognate northwest Semitic goddess Astarte. Anunit, Astarte and Atarsamain are alternative names for Ishtar. Inanna, twin of Utu/Shamash, children of Nannar/Sin, first born on Earth of Enlil. The first names given are Sumerian, the second names derive from the Akkadians, who are a Semitic people who immigrated into Sumeria. Adding an [sh] to a name is typical Akkadian, as Anu to Anush.
The goddess represents the planet Venus. (A continent on Venus is named Ishtar Terra by astronomers today.) The double aspect of the goddess may correspond to the difference between Venus as a morning star and as an evening star. In Sumerian the planet is called “MUL.DILI.PAT” meaning “unique star”.
The name Inanna (sometimes spelled Inana) means “Great Lady of An”, where An is the god of heaven. The meaning of Ishtar is not known, though it is possible that the underlying stem is the same as that of Assur, which would thus make her the “leading one” or “chief”. In any event, it is now generally recognized that the name is Semitic in origin.
The Sumerian Inanna was first worshiped at Uruk (Erech in the Bible, Unug in Sumerian) in the earliest period of Mesopotamian history. In incantations, hymns, myths, epics, votive inscriptions, and historical annals, Inanna/Ishtar was celebrated and invoked as the force of life. But there were two aspects to this goddess of life. She was the goddess of fertility and sexuality, and could also destroy the fields and make the earth’s creatures infertile. She was invoked as a goddess of war, battles, and the chase, particularly among the warlike Assyrians. Before the battle Ishtar would appear to the Assyrian army, clad in battle array and armed with bow and arrow. (compare Greek Athena.)
One of the most striking Sumerian myths describes Inanna passing through seven gates of hell into the underworld. At each gate some of her clothing and her ornaments are removed until at the last gate she is entirely naked. Ereshkigal, the queen of the underworld kills her and hangs her corpse on a hook on the wall. When Inanna returns from the underworld by intercession of the clever god, her uncle, Enki, according to the rules she must find someone to take her place. On her way home she encounters her friends prostrated with grief at her loss, but in Kulaba, her cult city, she finds her lover Dumuzi, a son of Enki, Tammuz seated in splendour on a throne, so she has him seized and dragged below. Later, missing him, she arranges for his sister to substitute for him during six months of the year.
In all the great centres Inanna and then Ishtar had her temples: E-anna, “house of An”, in Uruk; E-makh, “great house”, in Babylon; E-mash-mash, “house of offerings”, in Nineveh. Inanna was the guardian of prostitutes, and probably had priestess-prostitutes to serve her. She was served by priests as well as by priestesses. The (later) votaries of Ishtar were virgins who, as long as they remained in her service, were not permitted to marry.
Inanna was also associated with beer, and was the patroness of tavern keepers, who were usually female in early Mesopotamia.
Ishtar is also an omnipresent figure in the epic of Gilgamesh. She appears also on the Uruk vase, one of the most famous ancient Mesopotamian artifacts. The relief on this vase seems to show Inanna conferring kingship on a supplicant. Various inscriptions and artifacts indicate that kingship was one of the gifts bestowed by Inanna on the ruler of Uruk.
On monuments and seal-cylinders Inanna/Ishtar appears frequently with bow and arrow, though also simply clad in long robes with a crown on her head and an eight-rayed star as her symbol. Statuettes have been found in large numbers representing her as naked with her arms folded across her breast or holding a child.
Together with the moon god Nanna or Suen (Sin in Akkadian), and the sun god Utu (Shamash in Akkadian), Inanna/Ishtar is the third figure in a triad deifying and personalizing the moon, the sun, and the earth: Moon (wisdom), Sun (justice) and Earth (life force). This triad overlies another: An, heaven; Enlil, earth; and Enki (Ea in Akkadian), the watery deep.
Symbol: an eight or sixteen-pointed star Sacred number: 15 Astrological region: Dibalt(Venus) and the Bowstar (Sirius) Sacred animal: lion, (dragon)
Ishtar Gate
Marduk
Marduk [mär'dook] (Sumerian spelling in Akkadian AMAR.UTU “solar calf”; Biblical Merodach) was the name of a late generation god from ancient Mesopotamia and patron deity of the city of Babylon, who, when Babylon permanently became the political center of the Euphrates valley in the time of Hammurabi (18th century BC), started to slowly rise to the position of the head of the Babylonian pantheon, position he fully acquired by the second half of the second millennium BCE.
Marduk’s original character is obscure, but whatever special traits Marduk may have had were overshadowed by the reflex of the political development through which the Euphrates valley passed and which led to imbuing him with traits belonging to gods who at an earlier period were recognized as the heads of the pantheon.
There are more particularly two gods – Ea and Enlil – whose powers and attributes pass over to Marduk. In the case of Ea the transfer proceeds pacifically and without involving the effacement of the older god. Marduk is viewed as the son of Ea. The father voluntarily recognizes the superiority of the son and hands over to him the control of humanity. This association of Marduk and Ea, while indicating primarily the passing of the supremacy once enjoyed by Eridu to Babylon as a religious and political centre, may also reflect an early dependence of Babylon upon Eridu, not necessarily of a political character but, in view of the spread of culture in the Euphrates valley from the south to the north, the recognition of Eridu as the older centre on the part of the younger one.
While the relationship between Ea and Marduk is thus marked by harmony and an amicable abdication on the part of the father in favour of his son, Marduk’s absorption of the power and prerogatives of Enlil of Nippur was at the expense of the latter’s prestige. After the days of Hammurabi, the cult of Marduk eclipses that of Enlil, and although during the four centuries of Kassite control in Babylonia (c. 1570 BC1157 BC), Nippur and the cult of Enlil enjoyed a period of renaissance, when the reaction ensued it marked the definite and permanent triumph of Marduk over Enlil until the end of the Babylonian empire. The only serious rival to Marduk after ca. 1000 BC is Anshar in Assyria. In the south Marduk reigns supreme. He is normally referred to as Bel “Lord”.
When Babylon became the capital of Mesopotamia, the patron deity of Babylon was elevated to the level of supreme god. In order to explain how Marduk seized power, Enûma Elish was written, which tells the story of Marduk’s birth, heroic deeds, and becoming the ruler of the gods. This can be viewed as a form of Mesopotamian apologetics.
In Enûma Elish, a civil war between the gods was growing to a climatic battle. The Anunnaki gods gathered together to find one god who could defeat the gods rising against them. Marduk, a very young god, answered the call, and was promised the position of head god.When he killed his enemy he “wrested from him the Tablets of Destiny, wrongfully his” and assumed his new position. Under his reign humans were created to bear the burdens of life so the gods could be at leisure.
People were named after Marduk. For example, the Biblical personality Mordechai (Book of Esther) used this Gentile name in replacement of his Hebrew name Bilshan.Babylonian texts talk of the creation of Eridu by the god Marduk as the first city, ‘the holy city, the dwelling of their [the other gods] delight’.
Nabu, god of wisdom, is a son of Marduk.
Etemenanki, “The temple of the creation of heaven and earth”, was the name of a ziggurat to Marduk in the city of Babylon of the 6th century BC Chaldean (Neo-Babylonian) dynasty. Originally seven stories in height, little remains of it now save ruins. Etemenanki was later popularly identified with the Tower of Babel.
Nammu – Namma
In Sumerian mythology, Nammu (more properly Namma) is the Sumerian creation goddess. If the Babylonian creation myth Enûma Elish is based on a Sumerian myth, which seems likely, Nammu/Namma is the Sumerian goddess of the primeval sea that gave birth to heaven and earth and the first gods. She was probably the first personification of the constellation which the Babylonians later called Tiamat and the Greeks called Cetus and represented the Apsu, the fresh water ocean which the Sumerians believed lay beneath the earth, the source of life-giving water and fertility in a country with almost no rainfall.
As Nammu/Namma is the goddess of the fertile waters, An is the god of the sky. Nammu/Namma and her son Enki created mankind as assistants for the gods. Enki is the god of human culture who also presides over the Absu.
Nergal
The name Nergal (or Nirgal, Nirgali) refers to a deity in Babylonia with the main seat of his cult at Cuthah (or Kutha) represented by the mound of Tell-Ibrahim. Nergal is mentioned in the Hebrew bible as the deity of the city of Cuth (Cuthah): “And the men of Babylon made Succoth-benoth, and the men of Cuth made Nergal” (2 Kings, 17:30).
Nergal actually seems to be in part a solar deity, sometimes identified with Shamash, but a representative of a certain phase only of the sun. Portrayed in hymns and myths as a god of war and pestilence, Nergal seems to represent the sun of noontime and of the summer solstice which brings destruction to mankind, high summer being the dead season in the Mesopotamian annual cycle.
Nergal was also the deity who presides over the nether-world, and who stands at the head of the special pantheon assigned to the government of the dead (supposed to be gathered in a large subterranean cave known as Aralu or Irkalla). In this capacity he has associated with him a goddess Allatu or Ereshkigal, though at one time Allatu may have functioned as the sole mistress of Aralu, ruling in her own person. In some texts the god Ninazu is the son of Nergal by Allatu/Ereshkigal.
Ordinarily Nergal pairs with his consort Laz. Standard iconography pictured Nergal as a lion, and boundary-stone monuments symbolise him with a mace surmounted by the head of a lion.
Nergal’s fiery aspect appears in names or epithets such as Lugalgira, Sharrapu (“the burner,” perhaps a mere epithet), Erra, Gibil (though this name more properly belongs to Nusku), and Sibitti. A certain confusion exists in cuneiform literature between Ninurta and Nergal. Nergal has epithets such as the “raging king,” the “furious one,” and the like. A play upon his name separated into three elements as Ne-uru-gal (lord of the great dwelling) expresses his position at the head of the nether-world pantheon.
In the astral-theological system Nergal becomes the planet Mars, while in ecclesiastical art the great lion-headed colossi serving as guardians to the temples and palaces seem to symbolise Nergal, just as the bull-headed colossi probably typify Ninurta.
Nergal’s chief temple at Cuthah bore the name Meslam, from which the god receives the designation of Meslamtaeda or Meslamtaea, “the one that rises up from Meslam”. The name Meslamtaeda/Meslamtaea indeed is found as early as the list of gods from Fara while the name Nergal only begins to appear in the Akkadian period.
The cult of Nergal does not appear to have spread as widely as that of Ninurta. Hymns and votive and other inscriptions of Babylonian and Assyrian rulers frequently invoke him, but we do not learn of many temples to him outside of Cuthah. Sennacherib speaks of one at Tarbisu to the north of Nineveh, but significantly, although Nebuchadnezzar II (606 BC586 BC), the great temple-builder of the neo-Babylonian monarchy, alludes to his operations at Meslam in Cuthah, he makes no mention of a sanctuary to Nergal in Babylon. Local associations with his original seat Kutha and the conception formed of him as a god of the dead acted in making him feared rather than actively worshipped.
Text adapted from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica.
Sama – Ahamash – Utu
Shamash or Sama, was the common Akkadian name of the sun-god in Babylonia and Assyria, corresponding to Sumerian Utu.
The name signifies perhaps “servitor,” and would thus point to a secondary position occupied at one time by this deity. Both in early and in late inscriptions Sha-mash is designated as the “offspring of Nannar,” i.e. of the moon-god, and since, in an enumeration of the pantheon, Sin generally takes precedence of Shamash, it is in relationship, presumably, to the moon-god that the sun-god appears as the dependent power.
Such a supposition would accord with the prominence acquired by the moon in the calendar and in astrological calculations, as well as with the fact that the moon-cult belongs to the nomadic and therefore earlier, stage of civilization, whereas the sun-god rises to full importance only after the agricultural stage has been reached.
The two chief centres of sun-worship in Babylonia were Sippar, represented by the mounds at Abu Habba, and Larsa, represented by the modern Senkerah. At both places the chief sanctuary bore the name E-barra (or E-babbara) “the shining house” a direct allusion to the brilliancy of the sun-god. Of the two temples, that at Sippara was the more famous, but temples to Shamash were erected in all large centres such as Babylon, Ur, Mari, Nippur and Nineveh.
The attribute most commonly associated with Shamash is justice. Just as the sun disperses darkness, so Shamash brings wrong and injustice to light. Hammurabi attributes to Shamash the inspiration that led him to gather the existing laws and legal procedures into a code, and in the design accompanying the code the king represents himself in an attitude of adoration before Shamash as the embodiment of the idea of justice.
Several centuries before Hammurabi, Ur-Engur of the Ur dynasty (c. 2600 BC) declared that he rendered decisions “according to the just laws of Shamash.”
It was a logical consequence of this conception of the sun-god that he was regarded also as the one who released the sufferer from the grasp of the demons. The sick man, therefore, appeals to Shamash as the god who can be depended upon to help those who are suffering unjustly. This aspect of the sun-god is vividly brought out in the hymns addressed to him, which are, therefore, among the finest productions in the entire realm of Babylonian literature.
It is evident from the material at our disposal that the Shamash cults at Sippar and Larsa so overshadowed local sun-deities elsewhere as to lead to an absorption of the minor deities by the predominating one. In the systematized pantheon these minor sun-gods become attendants that do his service. Such are Bunene, spoken of as his chariot driver, whose consort is Atgi-makh, Kettu (“justice”) and Mesharu (“right”), who are introduced as servitors of Shamash.
Other sun-deities, as Ninurta and Nergal, the patron deities of important centres, retained their independent existence as certain phases of the sun, Ninib becoming the sun-god of the morning and of the spring time, and Nergal the sun-god of the noon and of the summer solstice, while Shamash was viewed as the sun-god in general.
Together with Sin and Ishtar, Shamash forms a second triad by the side of Anu, Enlil and Ea. The three powers, Sin, Shamash and Ishtar, symbolized the three great forces of nature, the sun, the moon and the life-giving force of the earth.
At times, instead of Ishtar, we find Adad, the storm-god, associated with Sin and Shamash, and it may be that these two sets of triads represent the doctrines of two different schools of theological thought in Babylonia which were subsequently harmonized by the recognition of a group consisting of all four deities.
The consort of Shamash was known as A. She, however, is rarely mentioned in the inscriptions except in combination with Shamash.
Sin – Nanna
Nanna is a god in Sumerian mythology, god of the moon, son of Enlil and Ninlil. His sacred city was Ur. The name Nanna is Sumerian for “illuminater”.
He was named Sin in Babylonia and Assyrian and was also worshipped by them in Harran. Sin had a beard made of lapis lazuli and he rode on a winged bull.
His wife was Ningal (‘Great Lady’) who bore him Utu ‘Sun’ and Inana and in some texts Ishkur.
His symbols are the crescent moon, the bull, and a tripod (which may be a lamp-stand).The two chief seats of Sin’s worship were Ur in the south, and Harran to the north. The cult of Sin spread to other centres, at an early period, and temples to the moon-god are found in all the large cities of Babylonia and Assyria.
He is commonly designated as En-zu = “lord of wisdom”. This attribute clings to him through all periods. During the period (c. 2600-2400 BC) that Ur exercised a large measure of supremacy over the Euphrates valley, Sin was naturally regarded as the head of the pantheon. It is to this period that we must trace such designations of Sin as “father of the gods”, “chief of the gods”, “creator of all things”, and the like. We are justified in supposing that the cult of the moon-god was brought into Babylonia by Semitic nomads from Arabia.
The moon-god is par excellence the god of nomadic peoples. The moon being their guide and protector at night when, during a great part of the year, they undertake their wanderings. This is just as the sun-god is the chief god of an agricultural people. The cult once introduced would tend to persevere, and the development of astrological science culminating in a calendar and in a system of interpretation of the movements and occurrences in the starry heavens would be an important factor in maintaining the position of Sin in the pantheon.
Sin’s chief sanctuary at Ur was named E-gish-shir-gal = “house of the great light”. His sanctuary at Harran was named E-khul-khul = “house of joys”. On seal-cylinders he is represented as an old man with flowing beard with the crescent as his symbol. In the astral-theological system he is represented by the number 30, and the planet Venus and his daughter by the number 15. This 30 probably refers to the average number of days (correctly around 29.53) in a lunar month as measured between successive new moons.
The “wisdom” personified by the moon-god is likewise an expression of the science of astrology in which the observation of the moon’s phases is so important a factor. The tendency to centralize the powers of the universe leads to the establishment of the doctrine of a triad consisting of Sin, Shamash and Ishtar, personifying the moon and the sun and the earth as the life-force.
Tiamat – Leviathan
Tiamat is a primeval monster/goddess in Babylonian and Sumerian mythology, and a central figure in the Enûma Elish creation epic. John C. L. Gibson, in the Ugaritic glossary of Canaanite Myths and Legends, notes that “tehom” appears in the Ugaritic texts, c. 14001200 BCE, simply meaning the “sea”. Such a depersonalized Tiamat (the -at ending makes her feminine) is “The Deep” (Hebrew tehom), present at the beginning of the book of Genesis.
Apsu (or Abzu) fathered upon Tiamat the Elder gods Lahmu and Lahamu, the grandparents of Anu and Ea. Lahmu and Lahamu, in turn, were the parents of the heavens (Anshar) and the earth (Kishar). Tiamat was the “shining” goddess of salt water who roared and smote in the chaos of original creation. She and Apsu filled the cosmic abyss with the primeval waters. She is “Ummu-Hubur who formed all things”.
The god Enki (later Ea), believing correctly that Apsu was planning to murder the younger gods, slew him. This angered Tiamat, whereupon she fashioned monsters to battle the gods. These were her own offspring, sea-serpents of terrifying size, storms and fish-men and scorpion-men.
Tiamat had the Tablets of Destiny, and in the primordial battle she gave them to Kingu, the god she had chosen for her lover. But Anu (replaced by Marduk, the son of Ea, in the late version that has survived) overcame Kingu and then her, armed with the winds and a net and an invincible spear.
Sumerian Demi-Gods
Enkidu
Enkidu appears in Sumerian mythology as a mythical wild-man raised by animals; his beast-like ways are finally tamed by a courtesan named Shamhat. Later he adventures with Gilgamesh until his death in the Epic of Gilgamesh. Older sources sometimes transliterate his name as Enkimdu, Eabani or Enkita.
Enkidu is the quintessential savage man in the beginning of the epic:
- “The whole of his body was hairy and his (uncut) locks were like a woman’s or the hair of the goddess of grain. Moreover, he knew nothing of settled fields or human beings and was clothed (in skins) like a deity of flocks.”
Enkidu roamed with the beasts of the wilderness. He protected the animals, destroying the hunters’ traps, and lurked around the watering holes to protect the game. These actions were much to the chagrin of a local trapper. The trapper went to King Gilgamesh to ask for help. Gilgamesh offered the advice “Trapper, go back, take with you a harlot, a child of pleasure … he will embrace her and the game of the wilderness will surely reject him.” The trapper did what he was told, and hired the harlot Shamhat to corrupt the wild man. Enkidu was immediately taken with the harlot and bedded her. Over six days of lust, Enkidu is tainted by the harlot. The animals begin to avoid him, the bond he once shared with them having been broken. Now “he scattered the wolves, he chased away the lions” and the herders could lie down in peace, for Enkidu was now their watchman.
After the abandonment of his animal brethren, Enkidu is introduced to a pastoralist way of life. He works for the trapper and shepherds, hunting and killing the animals he once served. Soon he grows restless, looking for a greater challenge.
Shamhat tells of a great king in the city Uruk (Gilgamesh) and says, too, that he would be a worthy challenge for Enkidu. Gilgamesh is surprised by Enkidu. The two wrestle fiercely for sometime, until suddenly Gilgamesh gains the upper hand and throws Enkidu to the ground. Knowing his defeat, Enkidu praises Gilgamesh and both swear an oath of friendship. For the remainder of the epic they cohabit, as lovers according to some interpretations.
Enkidu later in the Epic of Gilgamesh
Gilgamesh and Enkidu killing Humbaba
Enkidu assists Gilgamesh in his fight against Humbaba, the guardian monster of the Cedar forest. Contrary to Enkidu’s conscience, he cooperates in killing the defeated Humbaba. Afterwards, he again assists his companion Gilgamesh in slaying the Bull of Heaven, which the gods have sent as reprisal. The goddess Ishtar demands that the pair should pay for its destruction. Shamash argues to the other gods to spare both of them, but could only save Gilgamesh. The gods pass judgment that Enkidu had no justification for fighting the Bull of Heaven and was interfering with the will of the gods. Enkidu then is overcome by a severe illness. Near death, he has visions of a gloomy afterlife, and curses the trapper and the harlot for civilizing him, the act which lead him to this doom.
Gilgamesh mourns over the body of Enkidu for several desperate days. In a vivid line repeated in the epic, Gilgamesh only allows his friend to be buried after a maggot falls out of the corpse’s nose. Gilgamesh’s close observation of rigor mortis and the slow decomposition of Enkidu’s body provides the hero with the impetus for his quest for eternal life, and his visit to Utnapishtim.
There is another non-canonical tablet in which Enkidu journeys into the underworld, but many scholars consider the tablet to be a sequel or add-on to the original epic.
Historical Analysis
In many ways, Enkidu’s transformation may represent the seductive power of the Mesopotamian city-states. His origins upon the steppe and his life as a companion of the wild beast suggests the hunter-gatherers living on the fringes of the territory of southern Iraq’s early farmers. His subsequent transformation and acceptance of life in Uruk becomes a mythologized account of their slow approach to and assimilation within the boundaries of horticultural civilization.
On a more personal level, the taming of Enkidu by the harlot could be symbolic of the influence of the ego and material desires on the individual, leading them away from a natural, and into an artificial existence.
Gilgamesh
According to the Sumerian king list, Gilgamesh was the fifth king of Uruk (Early Dynastic II, first dynasty of Uruk), the son of Lugalbanda. Legend has it that his mother was Ninsun, a goddess.According to another document, the so-called History of Tummal, Gilgamesh, and eventually his son Urlugal, rebuilt the sanctuary of the goddess Ninlil, located in Tummal, a block of the Nippur city.
- Ninlil, first called Sud, is the daughter of Nammu and An in Sumerian mythology. She lived in Dilmun with her family. Raped by her brother and future husband Enlil, she conceived a boy, Nanna, the future moon god. After her death, she became the goddess of the air, like Enlil.
In the Epic of Gilgamesh it is often said that Gilgamesh ordered the creation of the legendary walls of Uruk. In historical age, Sargon of Akkad claimed to have destroyed these walls to prove his military force.
Fragments of an epic text found in Me-Turan (actual Tell Haddad) inform that Gilgamesh at the end of his life was buried under the waters of a river. The people of Uruk deviated the flow of the Euphrates, river crossing Uruk, with the purpose to bury the corpse of the dead king in the bed of the river.
Despite the lack of direct evidence, most scholars do not object to consideration of Gilgamesh as a historical figure, particularly after inscriptions were found confirming the historical existence of other figures associated with him: kings Enmebaragesi and Aga of Kish. If Gilgamesh was a historical king, he probably reigned in about the 26th century BC. Some of the earliest Sumerian texts spell his name as Bilgamesh.
In most texts, Gilgamesh is written with the determinative for divine beings (DINGIR), but there is no evidence for a contemporary cult, and the Sumerian Gilgamesh myths suggest the deification was a later development (unlike the case of the Akkadian god-kings). Historical or not, Gilgamesh became a legendary protagonist in the Epic of Gilgamesh.
Geshtinasnna
In sumerian mythology she is the daughter of Enki and Ninhursag. When her brother Dumuzi died, Geshtinanna lamentated days and nights. After his death, she visited him in the underworld with Inanna, and was allowed to take his place there for six months out of the year. Her time in the underworld and her periodic emergence from it are linked with her new divine authority over the autumn vines and wine.
Gugalanna
The Bull of Heaven, according to Kramer he is Ereshkigal’s husband. After Gilgamesh spurned Inanna, she sends the Bull of Heaven to terrorize Erech.
Huwawa
Guardian of the cedar of the heart in the the “Land of the living”, Huwawa has dragon’s teeth, a lion’s face, a roar like rushing flood water, huge clawed feet and a thick mane. He lived there in a cedar house. He appears to have attacked Gilgamesh, Enkidu and company when they felled that cedar. They then come upon Huwawa and Gilgamesh distracts him with flatery, then puts a nose ring on him and binds his arms. Huwawa grovels to Gilgamesh and Enkidu and Gilgamesh almost releases him. Enkidu argues against it and when Huwawa protests, he decapitates Huwawa.
Wikipedia Links & ReferencesSumerian Religion
Related Files
Amphibious Gods
Oannes, Oneness, Babylon, Baby Lion, Many Others
All Seeing Eye
Isis, Iris, Pupil, Rods and Cones, Masonic Symbolism
11:11 Vertical Pupils – Balance
The Great Serpent Mound Creation
Dogon Nommo
Quetzalcoatl Feather Serpent God, 2012, Mayan Calendar
Twin Flames Balance
Reunion of both aspects of your soul at Zero Point
The Eclipse of Time and Consciousness
Merkabah
Counter rotating fields – Rotation and Spin
Movement of consciousness between realities
Center, Heart Chakra
Hour Glass Effect – Time – Hours – Horus Rebirth
Qabbalah – Flower of Life – Star of David
Above and Below
The Court Jester and the Fleur de Lis (Flower of Life)
Hermes Trismegistus
The Emerald Tablets of Thoth (thought, consciousness)
As is Above, So is Below
Geometry
Sacred Geometry, Spiraling DNA, Golden Ratio, Fibonacci Numbers
12 Spiraling Cones Around 1 – Creation
Archetypes
GODS AND GODDESS FILES
SUMER INDEX
ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS INDEX
ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF ALL FILES
MotherUniverse